Differential Literature :: Reading Literature Writing Authors Essays

Differential LiteratureThe health and well-being of literature in America is something that many Americans spend a lot of time thinking, worrying, and theorizing somewhat, a fact that can be told by the new study promotional campaigns that wind up out at seemingly regular intervals (Read, Reading is Fundamental, Read and Rise, etc.) It is (at least partially) because of the passions aroused by this topic that when the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) released a address entitled Reading at Risk A Survey of Literary Reading in America (RAR), many people voiced their opinions on the timber of the research methods used to gather the data, the accuracy of the data, and the soundness of the conclusions which were drawn from them. From nearly the day of its release up to today, people are speaking (and writing) their mind about the reports worth.The report, which used the data from the literature portion of the census beaureaus 2002, Survey of Public Participation in the Arts, came to many conclusions, all of which revolve around one of their determinations Americans are reading what it calls literature less than they used to. The data that they used also suggested that the rate of this decrease is accelerating. RAR also finds this decline in the literature readership to be true for all racial, gender, and age groups, although it is slightly more pronounced in some than others most notably men are reading less than women, reading with minorities is decreasing faster than with Caucasian, and the young faster than the middle aged. Really, though, their main worry comes from a link that has been drawn from the data collected in other studies. This conclusion is that readers of literature are more socially active, engaged, and assumedly productive. There are many conceivable reactions to the NEAs report. To some people, reading can fair accurately be described as their religion (Early Modern European Studies Major, 2004) and they may postulate to ad d additional information to the report. Many people want to point out the possible flaws and inaccuracies of the text and, of course, there are others who just always need to add their two cents into the pile. Whatever their reasons for their responses, the commentaries that have been written communicate a surprisingly diverse number of arguments for and against the validity of the report.

Essay on Prejudice and Pride in Pride and Prejudice -- Pride and Preju

Prejudice and Pride in Pride and Prejudice In any literary lap up the title and introduction make at least some allusion to the important events of the novel. With Pride and Prejudice, Austen takes this convention to the extreme, designing all of the first and some of the second half of the novel after the title and the first sentence. The concepts of pride, prejudice, and universally acknowledged truth (51), as well as the interpretation of those concepts, are the central focus of the novel. They regularise the actions of almost all the major characters (not just Darcy and Elizabeth), and foreshadow all of the major events in the novel, especially in the first few chapters, involving the first ball at Netherfield. While Darcy comes to represent pride, and Elizabeth prejudice, all of the characters in Pride and Prejudice are impacted by both pride and prejudice, and their scorn towards the two central characters in the novel becomes only hypocritical. While everyone (at first) scorns Darcys excessive pride, that very same pride in self and family effects the actions of many of the characters. Pride in her daughters makes Mrs. Bennet positive(p) that they will soon be married off. It is very likely, she tells her husband, that Bingley may fall in love with one of them (52). Pride makes the early Darcy cold and disrespectful, and Miss Bingley haughty, jealous, and spiteful. The Bingley sisters were in fact very fine ladies...but proud and conceited. They were rather handsome, had been educated in one of the first private seminaries in town, had a fortune of twenty cubic yard pounds...and were therefore in every respect entitled to think well of themselves, and meanly of others (63). Pride drives Mr. Col... ...Donald Gray. New York Norton and Co., 1993. Butler, Marilyn. Jane Austen and the War of Ideas. Oxford. Claredon Press, 1975 Harding, D. W. Regulated Hatred An Aspect in the Work of Jane Austen. Pride and Prejudice. By Jane Austen. Ed. Donald Gray. New York Norton and Co., 1993. pp. 291-295. Jane Austen, Discovering Authors Modules, http//galenet.gale.com/a/acp/netacgi/nphrs?d=DAMA&s1=bio&s2=Austen,+Jane&1=50&pg1=DT&pg2=NM&p=17 Johnson, Claudia L. Pride and Prejudice and the hobby of Happiness. Pride and Prejudice. By Jane Austen. Ed. Donald Gray. New York Norton and Co., 1993. pp. 367-376. Mudrick, Marvin.Irony as Discovery in Pride and Prejudice. Pride and Prejudice. By Jane Austen. Ed. Donald Gray. New York Norton and Co., 1993. pp. 295-303. Sherry, Norman. Jane Austen. London. Montegue House, 1966

Entrepreneur Observation Report Essay -- essays research papers

This report outlines a very small business of my brothers.It describes his business, target market, financial plans, andmarketing plans. I have tried to forbear a neutral opinionabout his opinions as much as possible. I have tried to declaremy inputs and thoughts in the conclusion only.The whole subject of my brother, insert name here, owning abusiness started in early March of 1998 when one of theneighbors jokingly suggested he should raise chickens andsell them to people. A few eld later he realized it could beeasily done, and with a profit. From mid-March toSeptember, he and I raised, and easily sold 600+ chickens,we only wished we could have raised more. When Marchof 1999 turn over around we were contemplating how manychickens to buy, when the person we bought the chickensfrom told us about the possibilities of rabbits. Becauserabbits are a yearlong project, and we knew I would beleaving in the fall, it became his decision and ultimately hisproject. He started out with 20 b aby doe (females), 3 babybucks (males), and a small-borrowed hutch (cage) with all23 rabbits jammed in tight. His investment in rabbits,although considerable, was nevertheless to be outdone by the onesin hutches and feed. He essentially spent all profits fromchickens the year before and accordingly some. His project nowconsists of 20 maturate doe, 3 rise bucks, andapproximately 60 babies. He has taken over a section of alarge barn and turned it into a 30+ hutch rabbitry systemwith a circulating automatic watering system., and recentlyacquired a large weaning cage. I asked him how he felt when he was getting started and hesaid he didnt like spending all that money but he knew hewould get it all back someday. I then(prenominal) asked him if he wasafraid of competition, or of there not being a big enoughmarket. He said he knew of nobody else merchandising rabbit meatin the area on any scale, and that because rabbit meat ispractically thee healthiest meat, he couldnt see anyprobl ems in the market. He then said that if personal sellfails he can sell them through his "chicken provider" on aper pound basis.One amour I have always known about my brother and hisrabbit business is that he is very confident in its success andthat even though he knows there will be small problems heis very sure of overall success.When I asked him who he sees as his typical customer hesaid that... ...rerabbits to have babies within a couple eld and must checkthem constantly to make sure every think is ok. He playsthe use of goods and services of technician when he builds cages, and maintainscleanliness. I dont think this business could ever become a franchisealthough it could become a very large family withthousands of rabbits, and several employees. If it were tobecome a franchise I think it would best be managed by thefranchisees. I think this would eliminate any hierarchy orbureaucracy involved in most franchises. Of course therewould be a main office to coordinate advertising and tooffer help to franchisees with questions or problems.I dont have too many suggestions except to attempt all ofthe plans he has thought of. I also think that he needs tomake a profit before he starts expanding any more. Oncehe gets into the cycle of raising and selling the rabbits hecan then begin to expand, but not before then. This is really a business that has a lot of potential, and had alot of social occasions going for it. It is proof to me that the only productive entrepreneur is the guy that gets the humor anddoes it, not the guy that just thinks it would be a good ideafor someone else to do. Entrepreneur Observation Report analyse -- essays research papers This report outlines a very small business of my brothers.It describes his business, target market, financial plans, andmarketing plans. I have tried to keep a neutral opinionabout his opinions as much as possible. I have tried to keepmy inputs and thoughts in the conclusion only.The wh ole idea of my brother, insert name here, owning abusiness started in early March of 1998 when one of theneighbors jokingly suggested he should raise chickens andsell them to people. A few days later he realized it could beeasily done, and with a profit. From mid-March toSeptember, he and I raised, and easily sold 600+ chickens,we only wished we could have raised more. When Marchof 1999 involute around we were contemplating how manychickens to buy, when the person we bought the chickensfrom told us about the possibilities of rabbits. Becauserabbits are a yearlong project, and we knew I would beleaving in the fall, it became his decision and ultimately hisproject. He started out with 20 baby doe (females), 3 babybucks (males), and a small-borrowed hutch (cage) with all23 rabbits jammed in tight. His investment in rabbits,although considerable, was be quiet to be outdone by the onesin hutches and feed. He essentially spent all profits fromchickens the year before and then some. His project nowconsists of 20 mature doe, 3 mature bucks, andapproximately 60 babies. He has taken over a section of alarge barn and turned it into a 30+ hutch rabbitry systemwith a circulating automatic watering system., and recentlyacquired a large weaning cage. I asked him how he felt when he was getting started and hesaid he didnt like spending all that money but he knew hewould get it all back someday. I then asked him if he wasafraid of competition, or of there not being a big enoughmarket. He said he knew of nobody else selling rabbit meatin the area on any scale, and that because rabbit meat ispractically thee healthiest meat, he couldnt see anyproblems in the market. He then said that if personal sellingfails he can sell them through his "chicken provider" on aper pound basis.One thing I have always known about my brother and hisrabbit business is that he is very confident in its success andthat even though he knows there will be small problems heis very sure of overall success.When I asked him who he sees as his typical customer hesaid that... ...rerabbits to have babies within a couple days and must checkthem constantly to make sure every think is ok. He playsthe employment of technician when he builds cages, and maintainscleanliness. I dont think this business could ever become a franchisealthough it could become a very large smart set withthousands of rabbits, and several employees. If it were tobecome a franchise I think it would best be managed by thefranchisees. I think this would eliminate any hierarchy orbureaucracy involved in most franchises. Of course therewould be a main office to coordinate advertising and tooffer help to franchisees with questions or problems.I dont have too many suggestions except to attempt all ofthe plans he has thought of. I also think that he needs tomake a profit before he starts expanding any more. Oncehe gets into the cycle of raising and selling the rabbits hecan then begin to expand, but not before then . This is really a business that has a lot of potential, and had alot of things going for it. It is proof to me that the onlyfortunate entrepreneur is the guy that gets the idea anddoes it, not the guy that just thinks it would be a good ideafor someone else to do.

The Bill of Rights Essay examples -- Politics Political Civics

The Bill of RightsAfter the Revolution, the States adopted their own constitutions, galore(postnominal) of which contained a Bill of Rights. The Americans still faced the challenge of creating a central government for their new-made nation. In 1777 the Continental Congress adopted the Articles of Confederation, which were ratified in 1781. Under the Articles, the states retained their sovereignty, freedom and independence, while the national government was kept weak and inferior. everywhere the next few years it became evident that the system of government that had been chosen was not strong enough to completely settle and defend the frontier, regulating trade, coin and commerce, and organizing thirteen states into ane union.So in the summer of 1787 delegates from the twelve states convened in Philadelphia to draft a new Constitution. They proposed a strong national government that would fas go on many of the powers previously imposed upon the states. (1) No sooner than had the Continental Congress laid the proposed Constitution before the people for ratification, Irving Brant writes, than a cry went up it contained no Bill of Rights.(2) People objected because the liberties they had fought for in the Revolution were not being protected by the Constitution, and then could be ignored by the federal government. The Anti-Federalist called for other convention to outline a Bill of Rights before the Constitution was approved. The Federalist, fearing that the progress would unravel completely, urged immediate ratification. With the understanding of a Bill of Rights to follow later. Eventually the Federalist prevailed. By 1788, eleven states had ratified the Constitution. Six states, however, sent Congress proposals for amendments, modeled on their state constitutions and designed to protect individual rights. James Madison realized that the normal desire for a Bill of Rights could not be ignored. In 1789, after reviewing the state proposed amendments and t he state Bill of Rights to be considered by Congress, he proposed nine amendments to be considered by Congress for insertion into the text of the Constitution. After deliberation, debate, and some alterations, the House and Senate voted to add the amendments on the end of the Constitution and sent twelve amendments to the states for ratification. Only ten of theses were ratified and from those are what we kno... ...l want to be protected and assured of our freedoms and rights and dont like it when those rights are threatened. The initial Constitution and Bill of Rights wasnt create verbally to include everyone in the rights and freedoms of citizens. And it was seen then that our needs as a nation would change and these documents would need to be able to expand and grow with the country. The Bill of Rights has been one of the corner stones that we as Americans have enjoyed and taken for granted for the many years since its creation. The rights granted to us in the Bill of r ights are the same right many people of the world are still fighting for even to the very day. We as Americans have become so accustom to having these rights we often take these rights for granted. thither is no way of denying its historical significance, if you just stop and try and imagine your life without your freedoms and rights. These freedoms are what makes this country what it is and it also allows the people within the unify States to enjoy the freedom dreamed about by the founders of this country as well. But as a country of whole, we take our rights and freedoms that our ancestors fought for, for granted.

Euthanasia Essay - A Proper Death :: Free Euthanasia Essay

Euthanasia and a Proper Death Assisted suicide is a very controversial topic in American society that must be dealt with. In assisted suicide, a unhurried who is terminally ill requests the adulterate to administer a lethal dose of medication to end his life. Assisted suicide brings up many moral and legal issues regarding the right of a patient to die with respect and the duties of a doctor. This issue is divided among people who believe that doctor assisted suicide is illegal and immoral and those who believe that suicide is a right that people have. Doctors who aid a patient to commit suicide are performing an illegal act and should be penalized to the full extent of the law. match to most state laws assisted suicide is illegal. An assisted suicide is a form of murder since the doctor administers a lethal dose of medication to the patients. Therefore, a doctor who has performed this act should receive the jail sentence of a murderer. Some people believe that these doctors are n ot performing anything illegal and that they should continue their practices. This theme of people believe in euthanasia, meaning an easy and painless death or a peaceful manner of dying (Webster 631). This includes committing suicide when the person is fully competent but wishes to end his life as a result of the pain that he must endure every day. Committing suicide is viewed by its opponents as an act of cowardice that many people perform because they do not want to deal with their problems in life. This type of action should be dealt with immediately. A field of force shows that one-fifth of all doctors and nurses have actively helped end a patients life (Van Biema 2). This is not a promising statistic for the future of America. One appear of every five doctors has helped a person escape his life. Aside from being illegal, doctor assisted suicide is also immoral. From the retraceing information, it can be all the way seen that doctors who commit these crimes have violated many of the rules and values that they agreed to follow when they became a doctor. They have violated all the moral values that they agreed to follow when they became doctors. A doctors job is to help a patient at any cost, not help the patient to end their lives. Doctors who have aid patients in committing assisted suicides have violated the Hippocratic Oath, which very doctor must swear to before he receives his license to practice.

Euthanasia Essay - A Proper Death :: Free Euthanasia Essay

Euthanasia and a Proper Death Assisted suicide is a very controversial topic in American society that must be dealt with. In assisted suicide, a affected role who is terminally ill requests the repair to administer a lethal dose of medication to end his life. Assisted suicide brings up many moral and legal issues regarding the right of a patient to die with respect and the duties of a doctor. This issue is divided among people who believe that doctor assisted suicide is illegal and immoral and those who believe that suicide is a right that people have. Doctors who aid a patient to commit suicide are performing an illegal act and should be penalized to the full extent of the law. concord to most state laws assisted suicide is illegal. An assisted suicide is a form of murder since the doctor administers a lethal dose of medication to the patients. Therefore, a doctor who has performed this act should receive the jail sentence of a murderer. Some people believe that these doctors are not performing anything illegal and that they should continue their practices. This convocation of people believe in euthanasia, meaning an easy and painless death or a peaceful manner of dying (Webster 631). This includes committing suicide when the person is amply competent but wishes to end his life as a result of the pain that he must endure every day. Committing suicide is viewed by its opponents as an act of cowardice that many people perform because they do not want to deal with their problems in life. This type of action should be dealt with immediately. A test shows that one-fifth of all doctors and nurses have actively helped end a patients life (Van Biema 2). This is not a promising statistic for the future of America. One fall out of every five doctors has helped a person escape his life. Aside from being illegal, doctor assisted suicide is also immoral. From the wining information, it can be understandably seen that doctors who commit these crimes have violated ma ny of the rules and values that they agreed to follow when they became a doctor. They have violated all the moral values that they agreed to follow when they became doctors. A doctors job is to help a patient at any cost, not help the patient to end their lives. Doctors who have aided patients in committing assisted suicides have violated the Hippocratic Oath, which very doctor must swear to before he receives his license to practice.

Hacking and Countermeasures: Controls

Aim Higher College need to ensure the safety of all told its information. Recently we have seen suspicious and careless legal action in the research information center. Data center technicians have reported lights left on, doors left open, successful logins to the research database, as well as login attempts in the reliever business database later on normal hours of operation. Because this is also the backup for our business information we need to keep this area as secure as possible.In assure maintain control over who has access to what in the center we need first ensure that yet those that need access to the center are apt(p) the appropriate permissions to the areas that they need. The revolving door should only when allow one person by at a time, this allow for help to prevent someone with out(a) access from slipping by with some one that does have access or allow a person with access giving access to some that is not accepted in the build. This will be done with a v ictimization simple radio frequency identification (RFID) bill posters for the initial access to the buildings lobby.Both entry and exit will require that the card be read so that a log of who enters and leaves the building net be kept. Entry to the faculty offices will simply be with a RFID card reader. With these cards, we can select what areas they have access to according to their needs. The front double doors and access to the receiving area can only be opened from the inside of the building. By allowing one-way access we ensure that hacking of the reader is not possible. Biometric scanners should be apply for all sensitive areas as a second method to prevent card cloning. Those that have access to sensitive areas or doors that can allow more than than one person through such as the shipping area and front double doors will be issued a Personal Identity Verification (PIV) cards. These card exploit with the biometric scans. When the card is scanned it relays tothe biometri c scanner the information that the scanner will need to make the identification.This means that even if the cards RFID is cloned as soon as it is read it would be denied because the biometric information is not in that location. The biometric that we should use is an iris scanner. Rather than hand dimensions that can change or fingerprints. Fingerprints are easy to fool, if the finger is dry the scan may not read correctly, the maintenance if high as the sensor must be cleaned, impurities on the hand or air can give foolish readings, and lastly to prevent the spread of disease. Iris scanners do not require physical contact, eyeglasses, and contracts normally do not disrupt the reading.To make things easier the iris see is much faster. The iris can be scanned as the person is walking up and then compared to the card when the PIV is read . In addition, it is my recommendation that the datacenter be physically separated between the backup site and the research site. This will allow students and staff to gain access to the research center but not the backup center. Only those that need to have access to the business side backup will be required to use biometrics and a PIV card. All servers will be locked in cabinets for the protection of the severs and SANs that are on site.This will deter theft of any equipment that might contain information. Security cameras will be used to monitor all access and movement within the building. Thirteen stationary static cameras will need to be in use to watch all hallways, doors, and the datacenters. Two motion detecting pan / tilt / zoom (PTZ) cameras will be paced in the center of the data centers (one in each) to follow and watch the practise of persons entering. This should be accompanied with a pledge system that monitors movement, doors and windows. The diagrams below show the position of the cameras and access control equipment and measures that are recommended.In the event of a power outage, it is extremely recomme nded there is enough UPS in property for at least 15 minutes to allow for proper shut down. Preferable would be to have a backup generator so that information can be saved and moved to another site or to maintain functionality until the power comes back on. breastplate of the systems will consist of the floor being raised by at least eight inches from the ground and an automatic pump system in place to mitigate flooding. Because there are people working in these areaswe need to ensure that we have an adequate fire suppression and we need to keep in mind the equipment that is in the room.The recommendation here is to use an waterless fire suppression. While it may not be as cheap as using water, the damage of having a water system in the area will be much more expensive. Waterless systems work by lowering the oxygen in the area to a point that the fire cannot continue combustion without the harmful effects to persons like Halon or CO2. The have been proven to put out fires faster without any damage people. This will give all persons enough time to evacuate calmly in case of fire . Water systems only help in containing the fire until fire fighters can arrive, in the meantime, we are causing damage to our own equipment They cost of the damage would be in the millions to supersede servers and other equipment.The estimated time after a fire with a water system is approximately one month if data can be recovered. not that we have the physical aspect of the data centered covered we need to look at the technical or logical side of protecting the information. Safeguarding the confidentiality, integrity, accessibility, and the non-repudiation (CIA) is vital. As stated before an IDS and IPS will be put in to place to watch the system at all times to report and mitigate if not stop unauthorized activity to the business backup and research databases. This will help with monitoring the network and see what and where unauthorized traffic and attempts are culmination fro m. Anti-virus and anti-malware programs will be installed on all systems in both databases to protect the information and programs.Firewall implementation between the networks is necessary to keep unauthorized attempts from break downting in to the business side of the database. All information will be encrypted so that if the data is or any hardware is stolen then the information be more difficult to read and will hopefully discourage the thief. To prevent a brute force attack through a console connection after 3 attempts at a password the system will lock down that port and a flag will be sent to the data center technician on duty.To ensure that the person that is attempting to gain access to the server through a console connection a token that generates a random alphanumeric code will be used. As we all know people are where we see the biggest problems in certificate breaches and problems on any electronic computer or network system. People need to understand what they are allo wed and not allowed to do, this is where policies, procedures, and training come in to play. Byimplementing policies that use best practices, such as an acceptable use policy for all staff and students, we make it known what they are allowed to do, and what the consequences are should they choose to ignore the rules.Training all staff and students on security awareness is something that is necessary so that people to go or do things that can jeopardize the network. Making sure that procedures are documented help if there is a problem that can arise again, this reduces down time should the problem return. Making sure that a disaster recovery plan (DRP) is in place, secure and trained on regularly. This is critical to make sure that down time is as minimal as possible. The separation of duties helps to break up the processes involved to cop a task prevents one individual from having total control over the whole system.Each person or team is responsible for his or her area only and i f required forces collusion so that someone else is needed to meet the end goal. It acts like a checks and balance. With these policies in place we need to ensure that they stay on-going with or business continuity plan and the goal of our mission statement. This will be accomplished by security reviews and audits. This helps to ensure we do not get complacent as well. Performance evaluations help with ensuring that all staff is at their peak performance. Here is where performance correction for both junior and senior members comes in to play. We always need to keep even our staff up to date and fine-tuned to keep one-step ahead. Background checks from time to time are a total way of making she that all employees are acting honestly.There by safeguarding from any circumstance outside of work, that would lead one to perform maliciously with in work for a personal gain. Required vacations will help with employees with being overwrought with situations at work. As people, we need to step back, rest, and regain focus. Forcing staff to take vacations helps this happen. Finally, whirling of duties helps to make the team come to a better understanding of the network as a whole. This allows all members to be cross platform trained, which helps when someone is sick, on required vacation, or a team is short from termination. Aim higher college has come a long way in the two months now that security is serious concern.If we work together then we can make this college one that students and faculty feel safe coming to, to learn and teach. With colleges competing with online schools and courses, our information system needs to be at its most secure and bestperformance to keep pulling students in. These controls are just an insight as to the recommendations that looked at seriously and profoundly considered to make sure that Aim Higher College stays at the top.

Measurement Tools for Elder Abuse and Neglect Essay

Elder Assessment Instrument (EAI) is a 41-item Likert scale instrument which consists of seven sections that reviews signs, symptoms and subjective complaints of elder abuse, neglect, exploitation, and abandonment (Fulmer, 2008, p. 1). The EAI squeeze out be used in any clinical background signal to detect elder abuse and neglect and is accomplished by a professional much(prenominal) as a caregiver, emergency doctor or practitioner.The seven sections are General Assessment (5 items), Possible Abuse Indicators (7 items), Possible Neglect Indicators (14 items), Possible growth Indicators (6 items), Possible Abandonment Indicators (4 items) and Summary (5 items), each section accompanied with an area for comments and follow-up. The summary section directs the user to indicate the likelihood of the presence of each fiber of mistreatment. The summary is derived from clinical interpretations of the findings in the previous sections. (Fulmer, et al, 2004 Fulmer, 2008).Permission is giv en to download a copy of the EAI lone(prenominal) for non-profit educational purposes from the website of The Hartford shew for Geriatric Nursing, College of Nursing, clean York University, and only if the Institute is cited as the source. Copy of the instrument can be purchased from the Clearinghouse on Abuse and Neglect of the Elderly (CANE). Indicators of Abuse (IOA) The IOA is a 29-item in-home assessment irradiation (12 abuse venture items slightly the caregiver, 15 abuse risk items about the care receiver, and 2 demographic questions) used by professionals to determine incidences of elder abuse. focus on mental and psychosocial attributes of both caregiver and care receiver, it examines three dimensions of elder abuse the intrapersonal problems and issues of the caregiver, interpersonal problems of the caregiver, and support issues and history of abuse of the elder. (Cohen, et al. , 2006, p. 663 University of California at Berkeley, inform of Social Welfare BASSC, 2007 , p. 7). Although it is not intended for diagnostic purposes, professionals use the IOA to unreported incidences of elder abuse for timely intervention. Research Findings EAIRevised in 2008, the EAI has been used since the primaeval 1980s and in health care settings such as in the emergency department (Fulmer, et al, 2000 as cited in Fulmer, 2004) and in an acute hospital setting (Carr, et al, 1986 as cited in Fulmer, 2004). Psychometric results show that the EAI, like other popular screening instruments (the EAI is one of the three most frequently cited elder mistreatment tools), lack evidences of boilersuit validity and reliability as it has not been used in a variety of clinical settings (BASSC, 2007, p. 7), however, it is reported that it has a relatively mellowed internal consonance reliability at 0.84 (Cronbachs alpha) and test-retest reliability at 0. 83 (Fulmer, 2008, p. 1) Other psychometric data for EAI show its capacitance validity index at 0. 83, interrater agreement at 0. 83, sensitivity at 71%, and specificity at 93% (Fulmer, et al. , 2004, p. 299). IOA The items of the IOA were evaluated for content and construct validity by a multidisciplinary panel. In the original story conducted by the developers of the instrument and which involved 341 participants results show that the IOA was successful in correctly identifying 84.4% of abuse cases and 99. 2% of non-abuse cases (Reis and Nahmiash,1998, p. 1). Psychometric studies on the IOA show very high internal consistency of . 91 and . 92 (Cronbachs alpha). Studies also show divergent, concurrent and construct related evidence of validity as it is able to separate abuse from non-abuse (BASSC, 2007, p. 9). Clinical Utility EAI The use of EAI in the emergency department has shown auspicious results in abuse naming and reporting (Fulmer, et al. , 2004, p. 299).Although the EAI meets practicality concerns because it can be administered only from 12-15 minutes, it is reported to be weak on scoring s ystem and specificity (Fulmer, et al 2004). The EAI is expected to be more advantageous than open-ended instruments that are time-consuming. Another persuasiveness of the EAI is that it able to make the clinician more sensitive to screening for elder mistreatment and be more receptive to abuse indicators (Fulmer, 2004 Fulmer, 2008). IOA The IOA is an effective tool in identifying abuse risk even before it is reported allowing for timely and exigent intervention (Cohen, et al., 2006, p. 663). Data show that its use in health and social services organizations has led to the identification of 78% to 84% abuse cases (Wolf, 2000 as cited in Fulmer, et al. , 2004, p. 299). One limitation of the tool however is that it is a subjective evaluation focusing only on indicators (Cohen, et al. , 2006, p. 664). Since it is administered through open clinical interview, differences in interview and evaluation skills of the administrators may pose discrepancies in observations (Cohen, et al. , 2006 , p. 664). Another weakness is that it takes around two to three hours to slay the assessment.Because of its length, Fulmer, et al. (2004) assert that the IOA is appropriate for research studies but may pose difficulties in medical and social service settings. Conclusion Both EAI and the E-IOA are clear about the type of risk being assessed, e. g. risk to a victims well-being and safety, hence, they are good instruments to be administered in nursing facilities. Elderly batch are very vulnerable to abuse and neglect not only by their families. It has also been found out that elder mistreatment could also happen in nursing facilities.It is reported that nurses and caregivers sometimes are the perpetrators of the abuse ((McLafferty & Morrison, 2004 Nahmiash and Reis 2000). Other instruments that measure elder abuse and neglect are the following 1. Conflict Tactics plateful (CTS) 2. Brief Abuse Screen for the Elderly (BASE) 3. Hwalek-Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test (H-S/EAST) 4. Based on the list an aggregate list of instruments that could screen or measure elderly neglect, the following are also being considered for inclusion in my study References Cohen, M. , et al. (2006).Development of a screening tool for identifying elderly race at risk of abuse by their caregivers. The Journal of Aging and Health. 18 660-686. Retrieve September 25, 2008 from http//jah. sagepub. com/cgi/content/abstract/18/5/660. University of California at Berkeley, School of Social Welfare (BASSC). (2007). Instruments for assessing elder mistreatment implications for adult protective services. Evidence for Practice An Executive Summary, No. 9, Sept 2007. Retrieved March 9, 2009 from, http//cssr. berkeley. edu/research_units/bassc/documents/C61602_9_web.pdf. Fulmer, T. (2008). Elder mistreatment assessment. The Hartford Institute for Geriatric Nursing. No. 15, Retrieved September 28, 2008 from, http//www. hartfordign. org/publications/trythis/issue15. pdf. Fulmer, T. , et al. (2004 ). Progress in elder abuse screening and assessment instruments. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. Vol 52, No 2. Retrieved September 25, 2008 from http//jah. sagepub. com/cgi/content/abstract/18/5/660.. McLafferty, I. and Morrison, F. (2004). Attitudes towards hospitalized older adults.

Both Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay

Both Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne may be classified as writers of the gothic fiction genre in English Literature. Gothic literary works is characterized by themes of darkness, such as death, dread and decay. In Poes succinct story The Tell-Tale Heart, death is a central concern. The protagonist is simply obsessed with the judgement of committing murder. Instability and insanity are also very typical of gothic fiction, and the protagonist embodies both qualities in spite of his repeated insistence that he is rather sane. The architecture in this story is also quite Gothic it is falling apart and is quite gloomy and dim.The use of the floorboards to hide the old mans body echoes the gothic elements of underground and subterranean activities in both the literal and metaphorical senses. The horrors and neuroses that occupy gothic characters are quite evidently present in Poes short story. The excesses of emotion and heightened sense of horror captured in the story is esse ntial to a piece of gothic fiction. Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown uses the typically gothic instrument of dreams as a means of carrying forward the action in the text.Dreams also set to heighten the element of the supernatural and horror in the gothic text. The presence of the typical damsel in distress female character i. e. Faith and the Devil itself are some of the typical Gothic elements in Hawthornes work. The concepts of the staff as a symbol of evil and other Christian references may be interpreted as Gothic in this short story. Goodmans quest for Faith is symbolic and works throughout the novel aided by the various Gothic elements of dreams, trances and desperation.The story examines how Goodman can be anyone at all. The most terrifying realization is that anyone at all is capable of great evil. Gothic themes of isolation are explored to drive this point home. More than anything else, both stories serve to employ the gothic genre in order to explore human nature and the co nsequences of human action, especially crime and the psychological motivations behind it. They go beyond sensationalism and explore real human emotions and the human condition using the gothic genre to heighten the experience for the reader.They explore the broad concepts of human beings and club and the web of relationships and influences that co-exist because of them. In exploring perversions they actually delve deep into the human psyche and invoke the horror of Gothic fiction to analyze the horror possible in daily human contact and regular human thoughts. The failure of the protagonists to see the larger picture or recognize their own insanity and guilt as well as their deep realization of these feelings despite their denial of them are what make the Gothic elements in these texts so effective.

College: A Sound Investment Essay

Cost is always about loss. When we consider opportunity cost, we consider what losses an opportunity brings us. One of the most enduring opportunities individuals fix is education. Society is immersed in messages about the benefits of education, but what about the be? Any important decision should involve a sound cost-benefit analysis. Do the benefits outweigh the costs? This is the basic question of decision-makingof investment. Is college worth the investment? In consideration of this question, I would first need an estimate of the cost of college.First, I would tally the basic, overt costs. Tuition, books, means and board, travel expenses (for commuters) each of these components would subtracts from my finances. Suppose all of these expenses add up to roughly fifteen yard dollars per year. Now, if I subtracted around five honey oil dollars for scholarship, I would be left with a net debt of ten thousand dollars per year. At the end of my college experience, the cost of colleg e would be around forty thousand dollars, correct? IncorrectI declare failed to consider the hidden costs of college.Namely, I have not aken into account the wages I have lost because I chose to be in the classroom rather than in the workforce. With a high school education, I might have expected a caper that pays perhaps fifteen thousand dollars a year. Four years of this wage would leave me with a gross profit of sixty thousand dollars. So, what is my overall cost of college now? 100,000 dollars. What was I cerebration? For one, I was thinking that without a higher education I could have expected my wages to rise by at most five thousand dollars, if I was being generous.No advancement in my nowledge or skill sets would have corresponded with no job growth opportunities and thus no significant income growth. Therefore, unforesightful of lovable the lottery, my wages would remain relatively stagnant. I was also thinking that with a college degree as my backing, I would have the leverage to position myself into an entry-level job that would pay at the very minimum twenty-thousand to twenty-five thousand dollars. Further, I was thinking that entry-level positions lead to advancement. Entry-level positions lead to opportunity.With a decade of strong ork ethic, I have a respectable chance of cracking the forty to fifty thousand dollar barrier, if not more. With just two years of such a salary, I would compensate for the one hundred thousand dollar investment I made to ensure my career. I was thinking that I would much rather sequester with a net worth of in the hundreds of thousands rather than the prospect of a retirement where the number 100,000 is still as magical and elusive as that winning lottery number. Most important, I was thinking that I would gladly pay the opportunity cost today to realize the opportunityfor myself and for my future familytomorrow.

Conduct a Stakeholder Analysis for a Planned Upgrade

As you know, my company is planning to construct a nuclear power plant in Oregon. Indeed, the conduct stakeholder compendium is important as a prerequisite of the decision approving the plan because stakeholders play an important role for the projects such as project stakeholders are problematical in or affected by the project activity. The project manager must take the time to identify, understand, and manage the relationships between all stakeholders of the project. The use of tetrad framework can help organizations meet the needs and expectations of stakeholders. And the senior member of the Board is the key stakeholders.Accordingly, to conduct stakeholder analysis for a plan to upgrade the software system product successfully. We need to analyze the stakeholders are and what is its impact on the success of the project. Sets of project stakeholders include Internal Stakeholders Top management Accountant Other practicable managers Project team members External Stakeholders Cl ients Competitors Suppliers Environmental, political, consumer and other intervener groups. Important tasks of the project drawing card are to have good relationships with stakeholders, understand correctly and meet their expectations.In addition, to the success of software projects, we should analyze the following points in order of importance Support of leadership, The participation of users, The project management experience The explicit goal The range is reduced stock(a) software platform The basic requirements do not change Methodology form Reliable estimate In addition to hard skills and soft skills, much and more as the project leader of more work such as planning, organizing, budgeting, adjust the plan. etc. This work not only the project leader to implement but also to have analytical logic must have the foresight to identify the future steps of the project.

IRAC Brief Essay

According to United States soil greet rule of Massachusetts Civil coifion at constabulary 11-10313-GAO (2013), Anderson, Silva, Johnson and Funches contracted through a limited liability bon ton by the name of SLS to per digit delivery emoluments work on behalf of HDA (United States District Court District of Massachusetts, 2013).Plaintiffs CaseEach driver was provided with their hand truckTrucks provided to the contractors bore Sears LogoUniforms bore both(prenominal) Sears and HDA logosEach driver hired their helpers and paid their helpers directly Drivers worked full-time and solely for HDA (while under contract) (United States District Court District of Massachusetts, 2013)HDAs ArgumentPlaintiffs contracted through SLS and not directly with HDA as individuals therefore, HDA should not be a litigant in this case Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 149, 148B is preempted by the Federal Aviation Administration Authorization Act, 49 U.S.C (See Case 111-cv-10313-GAO Document 99 Filed 12/30/1 3 Page 3 of 5) (United States District Court District of Massachusetts, 2013) IRACIssueThe issues below are the reasons this case has been brought to court. The court essential provide the answers to these reasons in order to begin the rule assessment shell out of IRAC (1) Were the plaintiffs (Anderson, Silva, and Funches) misclassified as independent contractors by HAD? (2) Were deductions taken from plaintiffs wages in violation of wage laws?RulesBelow are the rules found in Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 149, 148B. These rules must be applied to the facts of the case to assess the fault or culpability of the litigants. Below is cited via United States District Court District of Massachusetts Civil Action 11-10313-GAO (2013). (1) The individual is free from control and focussing in connection with the (2) Performance of the service, both under his contract for the performance of service and in fact and the service is performed outside the usual course of the note of the employer and (3) The individual is customarily engaged in an independently established trade, occupation profession or business of the aforesaid(prenominal) nature as that involved in the service performed. (United States District Court District of Massachusetts, 2013)ApplicationWhen looking at the mass general law 149 section 148B, we can apply the three stipulations of the law to the case against HDA violating this law. The plaintiffs in the case were acting solely for the purposes of HDA as a delivery service wearing both the seniors and HDA logos on uniforms provided to them. N oneness of the drivers worked outside of the scope of work on subcontracts for any other provider other than HDA, and finally, each driver performed these duties under the direction of HDAs vision. It is clear in this case that circumstances are such that every egressance and performance of duties was done in a way to appear that they were solely employees of HDA in that HDA has violated Mass General Law on salary and wages (United States District Court District of Massachusetts, 2013).When applying this to business setting the business entity hiring subcontractors must stipulate in a written contract as to whether the employee is to be treated as a subcontractor under a 1099 tax form or as a subcontract employee for the business. Under the assumptions made in mass general law 149 subsection 148B, subcontractors are deemed employees if they meet certain criteria within the law. This criteria is easily determined under general operating practices and business owners should be aware of these criteria before hiring subcontractors (United States District Court District of Massachusetts, 2013).Analysis/ConclusionPlaintiffs (Anderson, Silva, and Funches) were misclassified as independent contractors by HDA. It was found that deductions were taken from plaintiffs wages in violation of wage laws. Thus, findings were established through determining that HDA violated the law in place (Mass General Law on Salary and Wages). For the foregoing reasons, the plaintiffs Motion for Partial Summary Judgment as to liability against HDA (dkt. no. 65) is GRANTED. It is SO ORDERED.Business Managerial Setting ApplicationThere are numerous torts to consider when reviewing Anderson v HDA (1) Intentional Tort a civil yield resulting in an intentional act of damages. (2) Unintentional Tort civil matter unintentional acts that results in economic loss, property damage, or physical injuries. (3) Property Torts occur when ones enjoyment of their private property is interfered with by either acts of trespass or illegal conversion of the private property. (4) Negligence a civil matter resulting damages due to the lack of care or duty that is owed. (5) Strict Liability Torts can be criminal or civil and culpability or finding of fault is not a factor, to name a few. The tort that is evident in the case of Anderson v HDA is an Unintentional Tort resulting in an act of economic loss. The wage deduction an d mis-classification of employment spot put one across led to the loss of wages and possible benefits to the plaintiffs and their helpers.The issues that arose in the Anderson v HDA civil lawsuit could aim been avoided by utilizing an effective risk management process for contracts review and management. Co-employment issues arise in the third party relationships due to the unknown, so it is beneficial to know as much as possible about all relationships that are encompassed for the work at hand. Understanding the Torts liabilities that can arise in the areas of contract language and negotiations lead ensure that liabilities are managed early in the relationship building process. An effective way to manage this risk is to identify the gaps that may exist with employment status classification, ensure that necessary tax forms are completed, monitor direct partnership and obtain direct partnership attestations regarding their directrelationship with their contractors. The next step is to have an ongoing control mechanism in place to monitor regulations and update business checklist and standard operation procedures.ReferenceUnited States District Court District of Massachusetts. (2013). Civil Action 11-10313-GAO. Retrieved from United States District Court District of Massachusetts, website.

Mother of 1084

The play Mother of 1084 (1997) is the original translation of Mahasweta Devis Bengali playHajar Churashir Ma that has the best illustrations for the marginalized category. The unattended and suppressed plight of the woman is represented by Sujata Chatterjee, mother of the protagonist of the play Brati Chatterjee whose ideology i. e. , commitment to the revolutionary and Communist Naxalite ride has labeled him as a rebel, and led to his ruthless killing by the guard in an encounter.In the play Mother of 1084 Sujata Chatterjee, a traditional apolitical upper center(a) class lady, an employee who awakens one early morning to the shattering news that her youngest and favourite son, Brati, is lying dead in the police morgue bearing the corpse nary(prenominal) 1084. Her efforts to understand her sons revolutionary activism lead her to reflect on her own alienation from the complacent, hypocritical, bourgeois society against which he had rebelled. The play moves around Sujata, a middle -aged woman belonging to a bhadralok, bourgeoisie Calcutta family.Born into a conservative, affluent family, Sujata is advised to pursue her B. A. so that it dishs her marriage prospects, but is ultimately married forward to Dibyanath Chatterjee, a chartered accountant, despite his unsound financial situation. In thirty-four years of their married life, Sujata gives birth to four children, dickens sons (Jyoti and Brati) and two daughters (Nipa and Tuli). When the novel opens, two of her children ar already married, Jyoti to Bina and Nipa to Amrit.In the eyes of the world, totally of them are leading perfectly happy and settled lives, but as Sujata goes on to discover later, that this contentment is only superficial. Significantly, Sujata makes several other discoveries, only after the sudden and mysterious decease of Brati, her younger son, with whom she had always shared a very special relationship. For instance, she discovers that all her thirty-four years of her married lif e, she has been living a lie, as her husband, being an incorrigible philanderer, always cheated her with his mothers and childrens tacit approval.He fixed up a petty bank job for her, when Brati was barely three years old, not out of any giveation for her economic independence, but essentially to help the family tide over a temporary financial crisis. And, as soon as the tide is over, he wants her to give up the job, which Sujata simply refuses. Later, she also discovers that her children, too, are leading lives very similar to her own. If there is someone who has dared to be different, its Brati. Sullenly rebellious, right from his childhood, Brati has made no hidden of his disregard, even contempt, for his familial autograph and value-system.Turning his back upon this decadent and defunct code, Brati decides to join the Naxalite movement sweeping through the State of West Bengal in late 1960s and early 1970s. Unaware of his secret mission, Sujata is not able to dissuade her son from joining this movement. During his period of struggle, he comes into contact with a young girl, Nandini, who is also a member of the underground movement and with whom he shares his vision of a new world order. On being betrayed by one of his comrades, Brati and three of his close yokes, Somu, Parth and Laltu, are brutally murdered by the assassin of the police.Later, the police call up his make, asking him to come and identify the dead be of his son, who, has in the meantime been divested of his identity as a person, and presumptuousness another dehumanized identity as corpse number 1084. Not only does the father refuse to go, but he also forbids other family members from doing so. disgust at the manner in which his associates, his immediate family and the commonwealth have abandoned the dead Brati, his mother, Sujata decides to go, throwing all pretensions to false social respectability and the fear of public censure, to winds.Dibyanath Chatterjee, father of Brati Chatt erjee is represented, as an honest representative of the male dominated society. As soon as he comes to know about(predicate) the news of his son, instead of rushing to the police station he tries to hush up the matter. Sujata is aghast to see the indifferent behaviour of her husband. He was least bothered to talk about this matter to his married woman Sujata. The following sentences reveal very clearly how much she was ignored by him Sujata (uncomprehending, in a panic). What will you hush up? What are you talking about? Dibyanath Jyoti, there is no time to waste.He goes out. Sujata Jyoti (Jyoti busy in dialing a number. He does not reply) Jyoti (Reproving). Jyoti Whats Happened? (04) From the above lines one can easily conclude that Sujata was neglected though she was the second alpha member of the family. Dibyanath Chatterjee bothered to consult his son Jyoti rather than his wife, Sujata. Sujata felt shocked when Dibyanath Chatterjee refuses to go to the police station with t he fear of grime in the society for his sons involvement in anti government affairs. In the words of Sujata But that soon? Even before the bodys been identified?A father gets the news on the telephone and does not even think of rushing to have a look? all(prenominal) he can think of is that hed be comprised if his car went to Kantakapukur? (09) The four chapters in the play mark a new stage in the evolution of Sujatas consciousness, as it enables her to re-order her fragmented and chaotic life in search of a cohesive identity. Every time she visits her own past or that of Brati, Somus mother or Nandini, her long-suppressed personal loss is slowly released into the ever-widening, spirals of high treason, guilt and suffering.From a infirm-willed, hopelessly dependent and a non-assertive moral coward, Sujata is transformed into a virtuously assertive, politically enlightened and a socially defiant individual. In the first chapter, significantly titled Dawn, Sujata primarily returns to her interior, private world of personal suffering, torture, betrayal and loneliness. Negotiating the inner time in relation to her immediate familial situation, she becomes aware of how she and Brati were not just fellow sufferers but also soul mates.In the second chapter, good afternoon, Sujatas visit to the bank to get jewellery from the locker is only a pretext for her to visit the house of Somus mother. A close associate of Brati, Somu had been killed in the corresponding encounter. More significantly, Brati had spent his night in Somus house before his mysterious disappearance and death. While Sujata goes to Somus mother with the circumstantial aim of retrieving the memories of Bratis last few hours, it turns out to be her entry and initiation into another world altogether.It is the world of primitive squalor, filth, poverty, degradation and subhuman man that only hovers tentatively on the margins of bhadraloks consciousness. She enters into the little known world of slu m dwellers. The sight of Somus ageing mother, her disgruntled daughter and that of their ramshackle tenement with a straw roof is enough to complete the rituals of initiation. In the third chapter, titled Evening, she visits Nandini, who apart from being Bratis comrade-in-arms was also his beloved.It is Nandini who reconstructs for Sujata all the events leading up to Bratis betrayal and murder. In the process, she also initiates Sujata into the little known world of the underground movement, explaining to her the logic for an organized rebellion, giving her first hand account of state repression and its multiple failures. Its through Nandini that Sujata is finally able to understand the reasons for Bratis political convictions and his rejection of the bourgeoisie code.All this leaves her so completely bewildered that she openly admits to Nandini, I didnt really know Brati. (87). In the last chapter of the novel titled Night, we meet a transformed Sujata, one who is more self-assure d, morally confident and politically sensitive. She decides to leave the house in which Brati never felt at home, where he wasnt valued while he was alive, nor his memory value after his death. Having prove a soul mate in Brati, she turns her back on Dibyanath and his decadent value-system.Bound by a sense of moral responsibility, she does go through all the rituals and ceremonies connected with Tulis engagement, but during the party, she maintains stiff, studied silence. Her insistence on wearing a plain, white sari for the party is also a significant gesture. The feelings of Sujata were not respected but misinterpreted by the members of the family. The given conversation between Sujata (Tuli, the second daughter of Sujata) and Tuli represents this thought Tuli Didnt Brati laugh at other peoples beliefs?Sujata Bratis belief was so different from your belief in the Swami, or Binas in her prayer room, that it sounds utterly absurd when you drag his name into the same context. Tul i The same thing again You will react every time we mention Brati. Sujata Yes. Tuli Are we not worthy enough to utter his name? Sujata The way you pronounce it To hurt me (08) On one occasion Dibyanath Chatterjee accused Sujata for misleading their son which has led him to become a rebel. The egoistic nature of the father is understood in his words, Bad company, bad friends, the mothers influence (29).It is a well known fact in the society that father and mother play an important role in bringing up the children. But it is ridiculous to notice that when the children get spoiled, complete blame is thrown on mother. Being physically weak and fragile, (for a few years, she had been living with a rotten appendix inside her system), and traumatized by her younger sons death and subsequent repression of grief, she simply gives up on life. When she screams and collapses into a heap, her husband is quick to react that her appendix has burst.Whatever the symbolic overtones of his stateme nt, she certainly succumbs to the slow process of inner-outer rot and decay. Finally, as she herself says, Now that Brati is dead, I, too, wouldnt same to go on living. She discovers her inner self but on the whole loses her will to live and survive. Time constantly swings back and forth, and so does the pendulum of two interconnected, intertwined lives, that of Sujata and her son, Brati. Interestingly, it is death that unites them both, irrevocably asserting the authenticity of their lives, too.Mahasweta Devis predominant concerns are the tribal backwaters, the exploitations of the Adivasis by the landed rich or the urban-administrative machinery callously perpetuating a legacy of complicity with the colonizers, bonded exertion and prostitution, the destitution and misery of city dwellers who are condemned to live at the fringes and eke-out a meager livelihood, the plight of woman who are breadwinners and victims of male sexual violence, dependent widows, mistreat wives, and un wanted daughters whose bodies can fetch a price are adequately represented. Sen). From the above situations, one can infer the insignificant role of Sujata in the play Mother of 1084, as a woman who has been relegated to the position of a neglected, suppressed, ill-treated, mechanical and marginalized in all forms in the male dominated society who consider woman as an object of sex, only to reproduce, bring money when needed and does not possess even a voice to express her own concerns.

How Life Gets Better While People Feel the Same

Im pretty sure all of us be familiar with the cliche, m unrivaledy cant buy happiness. In Gregg Easterbrook restrain The Progress Paradox he tries to understand wherefore a small variances of this cliche is so. The paradox that underlies Easterbrooks venture is that by dint of stunned the last fifty years, things have improved in the unify States and Europe, by all accusing standards. completely though during same time, surveys of happiness and satisfaction have non changed since the fifties.Easterbrooks main question through out the book asking has the aim measures of the well macrocosm of man kind increased spot overall satisfaction of tribe and happiness have remained constant? In the three beginning chapters of this book Easterbrook spends a lot of time looking at surveys depicting the various objective measures that show a pretty much knockout increase of come about. I found these chapters entertaining to read because it brings to light a huge range of facts an d statistics that add support to his idea that things be constantly improving.Easterbrook goes on nighwhat how the abomination rate is falling, the state of the environment is improving, we ar gaining intelligence, equality is increasing and economic situations have improved. Crime, both godforsaken and property have been in decline for 20 years. Current crime rates atomic number 18 probably the lowest in the history of the country. The environment has been improving in incessantlyy area except parking lot house gases. We have the cleanest air since the beginning of the industrial revolution and the cleanest water since Man was a hunter and ga in that locationr. n the statistics discussed, Easterbrook references a 1996 poll that resulted in 52% of the respondents saying the United States was worse now than when their parents were maturation up and 60% said they expected their children to live in an even worse country. Only 15% of the respondents believed that overall nati onal conditions were improving (Easterbrook, 2004). In 1997, 66% of Americans reported that they believed the lot of the average person is acquire worse (Easterbrook, 2004). Easterbrook raises the question How is this possible with the dramatic increase in overall full general progress.Along with discussing the statistics of the many surveys, Easterbrook as well as gives the reader possible reasons for the so-called paradox. One of the possible reasons he gives is choice anxiety. When looking back on the past a lot of people had very few options due to limited income and limited handiness of goods and services. But Easterbrook fights that there is flip side to the stress that comes from having to many options, just like not having complete options can be stressful as well.With the constant increase in the range of goods and services useable even the easiest choices can become stressful. Easterbrook states this because a consumer can never really be sure if they are making the correct decision causing stress and unhappiness. Another possible reason Easterbrook gives is Abundance denial. This actor that no matter how much individuals actually have materially, they will never view them as being well-off, which is constantly making people unhappy and stress out. Easterbrook states that a about Americans think of scarcely the rich as being well-off. This brings me to my favorite statistic my favorite statistic there have been around sixty cardinal people who ever lived, the 600 million who live in western democracies such as Europe, North America, lacquer and Australia live break-dance than anyone else in history (better housing, medical care, nutrition etc. )(Easterbrook, 2004). Since my standard of living is considered about average that means that I live better than 99. 5% of people who have ever lived. We are the one percenters, as far as the history of the world goes. Our current one percenters live better than 99. 9% of people, ever. One more po ssible reason is collapse anxiety, the widespread fear that the prosperity of the United States and Europe may come to an end due to an economic crash, environmental problems, terrorism or some other catastrophe. Even though individuals are better off that constant notion that it is unmanageable leads to people being unhappy and unsatisfied. Its hard for people to sit back and really appreciate things when they are in constant fear that it could someday end. Lastly he considers the revolution of satisfied expectations as a possible explanation.He refers this to as the uneasiness that follows items that an individual once dreamed of having. Easterbrook states that during the last century western conduct has been categorized by ever increasing expectations, with each generation expecting to have more than the previous generation. In todays day and age we have reached a point where people have most of what they need. What Easterbrook is trying to say with this explanation is that it i s hard to imagine things get any better than they already are kind of giving individuals nothing to look forward to.After reading this book I had some general issues. First off is the issue of happiness. The beginning of the book deals with objective measures over time that forms a steady increase in progress. To form the paradox the objective facts were compared to the subjective measures of happiness. Of course Easterbrook states that the surveys are not on the dot perfect he claims that they illuminating nonetheless (Easterbrook, 2004). However I think this is questionable. The perception of happiness is not constant among individuals at one point in time, let alone over several decades.Each person could have a completely different outlook on happiness. What can be happiness for one person could be sadness or another feeling for someone else. With each person authorise to their own subjective view on what they consider to be happiness, they are also entitled to have a subjecti ve perception of what others experienced in the past and what others will experience in the future. So when surveyors asked respondents if they thought their parents would better off or if their children will be better off, its not an objective measure but a subjective perception of the past and future.It doesnt seem clear why we In short, it is not clear why we would assume the level of subjective satisfaction to increase with objective well-being. I feel like Easterbrook was trying to say that in the past it seemed like things were always getting better but now in the future since things are improving so quickly it doesnt seem like we could continue to progress in the future. It is unclear why people should think that progress couldnt continue and, therefore, have lower expectations for the future. This question is left unanswered.If you asked, most people would agree that bullion and material things are not the meaning of happiness. With this, why would we expect to see a connec tion amid an increase in progress and an increase in happiness? It isnt clear that the claim has ever been that prosperity and progress will lead to the end of all stress and uneasiness. In the end there are two traits that correlate closely with happiness forgiveness and gratitude. Forgive those that have done you rail at and be grateful for what you have. Easterbrook, Greg. The Progress Paradox How Life Gets Better While People Feels Worse. Random signal Publishing Group, 2004. eBook.

Always Running Chapter Essay

SummaryLuis describes his life as part of the gang, saying that he and his friends ar in a vacant lot they had claimed as their own, furnished with old sofas and covered by fictile to keep off at least some of the rain when an old car comes by. Two of the concourse go to the street to get a better look and one, Clavo, is shot in the face. Clavo loses an eye in the shooting. Luis and Rano do many jobs, ranging from cleaning houses, lawns, pools and garages to paper routes. They give all the money to their mother and Luis notes that there is incessantly a need to for more. As a teenager and after Clavo leaves the neighborhood, Luis becomes friends with a young man named Claudio Ponce, cognize as Yuk Yuk because of his distinctive laugh. Its Yuk Yuk who introduces Luis to stealing. With Yuk Yuk leading, meet a man named Jandro Mares, who has the teens steal specific cars on order, drive back them back to Jandros garage and strip them down.They also steal bikes, jewelry, electronic s and other items for a man named set down Cowager who pays cash for almost anything they can steal. They soon graduate to residential burglary and robbing convenience stores. There is race tussle at the beginning of every school year. During one incident, the police arrive to break up a fight, the whites leave without a problem and the Mexicans arrested or expelled. Luiss mother is finally fed up with force him out of jail and watching him in trouble, and kicks him out of the house. Luis suffers a hernia and has to have surgery. Luis describes, in grand detail, the effects of a high from sniffing intoxicants including various sprays and gas. Luis begins dating Wilos younger sister, Payasa. Soon after he breaks up with her, she is admitted to a rehabilitation center for additions. Later, Wilo and Payasa leave the Barrior for what they hope is a better life.

Computers and Education Essay

Nowadays, it is generally believed that computers be essential for our modern education. They ar indispensable studying tool that makes it easier for many people to learn subjects from maths to language skills. However, there argon some aspects of a good education that cannot be taught using computers.Computers scarper a significant role in all fields of modern society. They are widely apply by banks for account management and by stores for keeping records of sales and inventory. Computers are also necessary for interpretation data from a patients history and determining diagnosis. Moreover, computers make an important contribution to the education. They are widely used by school and university students and by students who study at home.Computers may be genuinely helpful for learning most subjects. Some of those subjects are mathematics, languages, information technology that cannot be taught without computer, and so on. Computers are capable of storing and combining informati on in a way that makes is very simple to access and use. Computers modify students studying by providing them with easy typing software, many useful exercises. In addition, they can make it easier for teachers to survey the students and mark their work.However, there are some features that cannot be taught by using computers.For example, it seems obvious that the subject homogeneous singing would be virtually impossible to learn without teachers involvement. Furthermore, while computers can be used by students for learning languages, they cannot provide them with an adequate feedback on their pronunciation or writing skills. schooling such subjects like chemistry and physics would be extremely difficult or sometimes even off dangerous without teachers supervision while having done various experiments.In conclusion, it is important to heighten out that computers can be beneficialfor educational purposes and they can help students with learning most of the subjects. despite thi s in some cases, it is also necessary to engage teacher to make the education more strong and complete. Teacher would also be helpful for pupils as he or she could answer their questions, provide them with a wide range of examples and give them more exercises on particular matters students have difficulties with.

Organisational Structures And Cultures Within The Uk Commerce Essay

This instance survey is about Mr metal disciplineer s have endure. Mr Smith is a alien who has lived in the UK for many old ages. His household in Africa operates a range of take houses across the continent and he is therefore familiar with this sort of tinct. At present the Smith Restaurant has a cardinal location in London, near to many attr fleckive forces and is easy kindly by public conveyance. His take in house is a little household fill he is the laminitis, owner and besides the Managing Director. Although he has two Assistant Directors and three Supervisors, he has a direct master every short letter burster and operational issues such as hiring of staff, selling, gross revenues publicity, accounting and finance section. The take in house has cubic decimeter employees largely made up of international pupils who work portion clip. These pupils argon attr seted by the flexible on the job conditions that Mr Smith offers. This on the wholeows them to work portion clip during term clip and full clip during holiday. recently the eating house has seen a large addition in its clients due to the popularity of its European and International culinary arts. These factors have convinced Mr Smith of the wisdom of opening similar eating houses without the UK. Mr Smith is the 1 who makes exclusively determinations and he has a direct control over explosive charge and other operational issues.The stream issue at the eating house is that Mr Smith is loath to enroll rude(a) staff and to receive by with the change magnitude drill in the eating house he has reduced staff luncheon clip. Some staff felt that these adaptions should non hold been introduced without their consent. When one employee complained about the state of affairs, he was sacked. The remainder of the employees argon unhappy but they atomic number 18 afraid to voice their concerns for alarm of fring their capers. Harmonizing to Mr Smith, he pays his employees truly good and hence they result be happy with his determinations his determinations atomic number 18 non for argument directors should do the determinations and subsidiaries essentialiness obey. He does non believe in confer deep downg staff when he has to do of import determinations.As a consequence, a emotional stateing of weakness, disaffection, and f serious have developed amongst staff. The recent alterations in employees working conditions have increased the degrees of absenteeism and lateness. Mr Smith is now really concerned that if such tendencies continue, the eating house whitethorn non be able to get by with the increased client indigence.Bing one of the longest helping employees, Mr Smith asked me to see the above issues and rede him in visible radiotherapy of the enlargement and recent developments of the concern. My undertaking is to rede him on the happenerss inside the concatenation of new eating houses.Organizational reconstructions and nuances Approachs to direction an d leading manners Motivational theories and their application Group behavior, teamwork and engineeringOrganizational construction creates a precedent of order and entreat by which the activities of the administration kindle be planned, organised, controlled, and directed towards the ends and strikes of the administration. The construction defines undertakings and duties, functions, relationships and communicating.Within the UK, near eating houses have entrepreneurial, running(a) and geographical constructions.1. Entrepreneurial Structure This construction is appropriate for little owner managed companies, for illustrations a little eating house, a small-scale industrial unit, or a little copyrighted concern.2. operative Structure This is the most normally used footing for root wording activities harmonizing to specialization that is organizing the concern harmonizing to what distributively section does. Specialised passments and deputation of authorization to directors be needed to look after different functional countries.3. Geographic construction Activities are grouped harmonizing to location. diametrical services are provided by geographical boundaries harmonizing to crotchety demands and demands, the convenience of consumers, or for easiness of disposal.Advantages and disadvantages of organisational constructionsOrganizational constructionAdvantage harmEntrepreneurialQuick decision-makingExcessive trust on the owner-managerFunctionalSpecializationAccountabilityClarity unopen communicating could take to miss of focal point.Departments tin go immune to alter.Coordination whitethorn take likewise long.Gap between outmatch and underside.GeographicServe local demands better.Positive competition.More effectual communicating between house and local clients.Conflict between local and cardinal direction.Duplicate of resources and maps.The UK eating houses may hold hierarchal, steep or level constructionHierarchical construction Refers toAuthori ty the right to exert powers such as hiring and fire or purchasing and merchandising on behalf of the administration employment the allotment of undertakings to someones and groups in spite of appearance the administrationAccountability the demand for persons to explicate and warrant any failure to carry through their duties to their higher-ups in the pecking orderTall and level hierarchal constructionsIn the tall construction there are narrower spans of control and more degrees of proffer that is many managerial degrees and fewer staff.In the level construction there are broader spans of control and few degrees of bid that is few managerial degrees and many staff. For illustration, the McDonald s eating houses all have a level construction. The director in severally topographical point of concern controls the other helpers and employees. He takes all the determinations and he is in charge of the chief(prenominal) maps like, R & A D, selling, finance and merciful resource s and the other staff do the merchandising.Advantages of tall and level constructionsTall constructionFlat constructionManager can anticipate rapid publicity.With a little span of control, a director is able to give epochal periods of clip to each subsidiary.Closer contact between directors and junior workersA broad span of control encourages deputation and actor through occupation enrichmentLower direction operating expense salutes naiant and squinty communicating is boostPromotions are existent and meaningfulCloser contact between top direction and lower degreesTall constructionNarrow spans of controlFlat constructionBroad span of controlOrganizational refinementsCharles Handy defined it as The manner things are done somewhat here Every concern is made up of different civilizations, and the civilizations that are present within the concern depend on the direction manners and organizational constructions that are used. Handy s four types of civilizations arePower civilizat ion Best suited for little entrepreneurial administrations and relies on trust, empathy and individual(prenominal) communicating for its effectivity. goalion civilization Emphasizes on power and place within the administration. This type of civilization applies when administrations are large and inflexible. tax civilization Job-oriented or project-oriented. This works good in a matrix administration construction.Person civilization Works about educated persons. Examples are groups of barristers, designers, physicians or advisers.Looking at Handy s four chief types of administration civilizations it can be seen that most of the UK eating houses follow the power civilization.Organizational construction and civilization of Mr Smith s eating houseAfter analyzing Mr Smith s instance survey and the latest issues, it is clear that his eating house is following an entrepreneurial and hierarchal construction, and a power civilization since it is a household possess concern where there is inordinate trust is on the owner-manager Mr Smith has authorization, craft and accountability within the administration. The dispersal of undertakings, the definition of authorization and province, and the relationship between ingredients of the administration are established on a personal and casual footing. at that placefore I am convinced that the direction manner, organizational construction and civilization are act uponing employees behavior within administration.However, with Mr Smith s program to spread out and develop new eating houses across the UK, there is demand for a formal organizational construction and civilization, which has to be conservatively knowing, so as to avoid struggle and promote the bequeathing employment of staff for effectual organizational public notification. I believe that Mr Smith concern should hold a level structured on functional lines with major(ip) countries including, Gross saless and Marketing, Human Resources, Accounting and F inance, and Buying Departments. With a level construction the concern will holdA broad span of control encouraging deputation and motive through occupation enrichment.Lower direction operating expense costs.Better communications as horizontal and sidelong communicating is encouraged.Real and meaningful publicities.Closer contact between top direction and lower degreesFactors that may act upon single behavior of Mr Smith s employeesThe person The person is a cardinal extraordinaryity of organizational behavior. When the demands of the person and the demands of the administration are incompatible, this can ensue in defeat and struggle. Then it the work of the direction to inembodied the person and the administration and to supply a working environment where person s demands is satisfied every bit good as administration ends are achieved.The group Group exists in all administrations and are indispensable to their working and public presentation. Peoples in groups influence each other in many ways and groups may develop their ain hierarchies and leaders. Group pressures can hold a major influence over the behavior and public presentation of single members.The administration Individual behavior is un infixed by forms of administration construction, engineering, manners of leading and systems of direction through which organizational processors are planned, directed and controlled. Therefore, the focal point of attending is on the impact of administration construction and design, and forms of direction, on the behavior of people within the administration.Undertaking 2How organizational guess underpins rules and patterns of direction, how this would impact on the new eating houses?The survey of direction theory ( besides termed direction thought ) and its application in administrations brings alterations in behavior. It helps to understand the rules underlying the procedure on direction. It helps to understand the interrelatedness between direction theory, rules and patterns of direction, and behavior in administrations. Directors learned about how they should act. This will act upon their attitudes towards direction pattern. The different rapes to direction theory are Classical assail scientific direction bureaucratism Human dealingss attack Systems attack and Contingency attack.These assorted attacks underpin the common rules of direction that administrations should pattern in their concern, which mean they are based on positions of administrations, their intent and duties, construction, division of work, hierarchy of direction, proficient demands, regulations and ordinances and behavior.Fayol 14 Principles of attentionDivision of work Specialization increases end product as employees become more efficient.Authority Gives directors the right to give orders.Discipline Employees must conform to esteem the regulations that govern the administration and the usage of punishments for interrupting the regulations.Integrity of bid Merely one higher-up should give orders to employees.Integrity of way Organizational activities holding the similar aim should be directed by one director utilizing one program.Subordination of single things to general involvement The administration involvement should rule employees or group involvements.Wage A just pay for workers and their services.centralisation The grade to which subordinates participate in decision-making.Scalar concatenation Communicationss should follow this concatenation.Order. Peoples and stuffs should be in the right topographic point at the right clip.Equity. Directors should be sort and carnival to their subsidiaries.Stability of term of office. High employee disturbance is inefficient. Management should supply orderly forces preparedness and guarantee that replacings are available to make full vacancies.Initiative. Employees who are allowed to arise and transport out programs will exercise high degrees of attempt.Esprit de corps. Promoting squad spirit wil l construct harmoniousness and integrity within the administration.Suggestion Mr Smith should follow these rules of direction. Directors will hold to execute these fin maps ( by H Fayol ) Plan and prognosis organise bid co-ordinate and command.The different attacks to direction theoryClassical attackEmphasis on intent Formal construction Division of work Hierarchy of direction practiced demands Common rules of administration.scientific direction and Bureaucracy are the two sub-grouping of the classical attack.Scientific direction F.W Taylor ( 1911 ) Scientific choice and preparation of workers Development of a true scientific discipline for each component of an person s work Co-operation with the employees to guarantee work is done as set Division of work and duty between direction and the employees Improve production efficiency through work surveies, tools, economic inducements.Bureaucracy goo Weber ( 1947 ) Formal hierarchal construction Administration by functional fort e Rules and ordinance Impersonality battle based on proficient makings.Human dealingss attackElton Mayo and the Hawthorne Studies ( 1933 ) discovered that the informal administration, societal norms, credence, and sen metrents of the group inflexible single work behavior.Maslow, McGregor, Herzberg, and many others stressed the importance of societal dealingss in administrations, understanding workers and directors as gay existences with societal and emotional demands.Systems attack Administrations are unfastened systems that invariably interact with the external environment Inputs ( resources and instruction ) transmutation procedure end products ( merchandises, services, information ) feedbackContingency attack Contingency theory does non place or urge any peculiar attack to administration and direction. Appropriate direction attack depends on situational factors go about by an administration.Suggestion After comparing the above managerial attacks I believe that the classical attack will outdo suit Mr Smith eating houses. The classical attack Centres on understanding the intent of an administration and so analyzing its construction. They play accent on the planning of work, proficient demands, principal of direction and behavior. heed is abandoned to the division of work, responsibilities, duties, keeping specialization and co-ordination, hierarchy of direction and formal organizational relationships.Undertaking 3Different leading manners and their effectivityDefinition Leadership in an administration is to take employees to work in a condition way to accomplish its ends and aims.The three manners of leading areLeadershipDemocratic LeadershipAutocratic LeadershipLaisser-faire LeadershipAutocratic leading All authorization is centred on the leader and determinations are enforced by agencies of wagess and the fright of penalty. Communication is one-way, from the leader to the followings.Advantage Quick decision-making.Disadvantage Its consequence upon gr oup morale creates struggle.Democratic leading In contrast, democratic takes into history the suggestions of the members and of the leader. It is a human dealingss attack, in which all members of the group can take part and lend to better the quality of the last-place determination. Advantages Increased morale and support for better determinations through shared thoughts among group members.Disadvantages Slower decision-making and diluted answerability for determinations.Individualistic leading The leader exercises really small control over group members. A member is given a end and largely left entirely to make up ones mind how to accomplish it. The leader maps chiefly as a group member, supplying merely every bit much advice and way as is requested.Advantage Opportunity for single development offered to group members. All individuals are given the opportunity to show themselves and to work comparatively independently.Disadvantage Lack of group cohesiveness and integrity toward organizational aims. Without a leader, the group may hold small way and deficiency of control. The consequence can be inefficiency or even worse, pandemonium.Suggestion Mr Smith is using an important leading in his first eating house because his concern is little. But now that he wants to spread out his concern he has to follow a different manner of leading. I would propose that he has to follow the democratic leading within his new eating house. This is because the democratic manner is a human relation attack in which all staff participates and contributes in the decision-making. This will forestall struggle between staff.Different motivational theories and their applicationDefinition Motivation can be described as the way and continuity of action. It is concerned with why people choose a peculiar class of action in penchant to others. The intent of motivational theories is to foretell behavior. The difference theories of motive areMotivationContent Theory ( nonsubjective )Procedur e Theory ( subjective )HerzbergAdamsHandyVroomMcGregor Theory X & A YMaslowMcClellandMaslow s hierarchy of demandsChallenging occupation accomplishment in workJob rubric high position occupationFriendship at workSafe status at workPay pleasant working statusThe hierarchy of demands are shown as a series of stairss in the signifier of a pyramid it implies a cut out demands as people progress up the hierarchy. Based on Maslow s theory, one time the lower-level demands have been satisfied ( physiological and safety demands ) people advanced up the hierarchy. Therefore to supply motive for a alteration in behavior, the director must direct attending to the following degree of demands ( get along or societal demands ) that seek satisfaction.McGregor Theory X & A YTheory X premises Peoples inherently detest work. People must be supervised to make work to accomplish aims. People prefer to be directed.Theory Y premises-People position work every bit being every bit natural as dram a and remainder.-People will exert autonomy and self-denial towards accomplishing aims they are committed to.-People learn to accede and seek duty.Herzberg s Two-factor theoryIncentives Intrinsic factors Factors increase occupation satisfactionHygiene factors Extrinsic factors whose absence can make occupation dissatisfactionAccomplishmentSupervisionRecognitionCompany policyWork itselfWorking conditionsDutySalaryPromotionPeer relationshipGrowthSecurityMcClelland theoryNeed for accomplishment Personal dutyFeedbackModerate hazardNeed for power InfluenceCompetitiveNeed for association Credence and well-disposed relationshipConcertedSuggestion Mr Smith does non depute does non give employees duties employees are non considered portion of the group they feel insecure in the employment they can non voice their sentiments he imposes his regulations and ordinances on employees. In add-on he has reduced employees lunch-time. Here Mr Smith is utilizing McGregor s Theory X employees are unhappy and de-motivated to work as their lunch-time has been reduced but their rewards have non increased. Therefore, since he wants to spread out his concern throughout UK, I will urge the Maslow s hierarchy of demands theory to Mr Smith. Directors will hold to supply motive for a alteration in behavior by fulfilling the lower-level demands so that the employees basic wage, safe working conditions ( demand to remain alive, have nutrient, shelter ) and occupation security, periphery benefits, protection against unemployment, unwellness are satisfied. This will promote the willing engagement of employees for effectual organizational public presentation.The relationship between motivational theory and the pattern of directionThe intent of motivational theories is to foretell behavior and behaviour of people in administrations depends on patterns of direction. If directors practise Fayol s 14 rules of direction, so employees at all degrees are motivated to work. Peoples by and large respond in the mode in which they are treated. Therefore, to command human behaviour a heavy duty is placed on directors and the activity of direction, where attending must besides be given to allow systems of motive, occupation satisfaction and wagess.Consequently, Mr Smith must understand how good direction patterns will actuate staff to work. Directors should be after and calculate, organize, bid, co-ordinate, and command fittingly in an effort to fulfill employees demands so that they are motivated to work. This will make an organizational mood in which employees can work volitionally and efficaciously to accomplish the ends of the administration. Directors should acquire the best public presentation from employees to pull more clients.Directors should use this policy The demands, wants and rights of employees to be treated reasonably and with self-respect.Undertaking 4Nature of groups and group behavior within administrations A group comprises two or more persons who in teract in the corporate chase of a common end. They portion values and ends, are involved in regular activities together, and place themselves as members of the group and are identified as such by others . ( From talk notes AJ ) .Another usable manner of specifying group is a aggregation of people who portion most, if non all, of the undermentioned featuresA definable value Group consciousness A sense of shared intent Mutuality Interaction Ability to decease in a unitary mode.Formal groups ( official groups ) Created to transport out specific undertakings set up by the administration to finish assigned undertakings.Formal groups may be divided into two classsFunctional groups Consist of changing size of work units, with a director and subsidiaries who are responsible for a orbit of responsibilities and maps within the administration, for illustration the finance section, the wages subdivision and the grosss subdivision.Undertaking groups Created for the despatch of specific concern or operations, such as a undertaking squad, direction squad or co-ordinating commission.Informal groups ( unofficial groups ) Created by the single members for the intent of sharing a common involvement.Importance of informal groupsThe spread of information through informal webs the pipeline is frequently much faster and more influential than through formal groups.There is the possible for struggle between functions held in formal and informal groups peculiarly in regard of leading, where the informal leader may non be the same individual as the formal leader.Two informal groupssake groups develop around the shared chase of a specific end by certain employees, which may or may non be related to the administration.Friendship groups Persons fall ining together for assorted societal activitiesThe factors act uponing Group Behaviour Cole ( 1996 )Size of the groupLeadership and direction mannerGroup coherenceMotivation of group membersNorms of groupsGroup/team functionsThe wor k environmentThe group undertakingFactors taking to effectual teamwork within the new concernPeters and Waterman defines five factors for effectual teamworkThe Numberss should be little each member will so stand for the involvement of his or her section.The squad should be of limited continuance Exist merely to limit a peculiar undertaking.Membership should be voluntary.Communication should be informal and unstructured.It should be action-oriented. The squad should blast with a program for action.The influences that threaten success of teamworkThe squad does non work around the undependable people.A small group of people does most of the work and a larger group pretends to assist.Sometimes team members do non work good together and may work against each other. This may ensue dysfunctional squads, caused by Lack of trust is the most common job afflicting squads Lack of squad coherence Lack of a clearly defined intentImpact of engineering on squad operationTechnology Technologies such as electronic mail, nomadic phones, blackberry, groupware and figure machines can better and in some instances delay squad operation. To be able to work efficaciously, squads must be kept up-to-date with cognition as engineering alterations.Communication Successful squads communicate successfully by electronic mail, nomadic phone, phone engineerings such as blackberry and 3G informations cards and 3GB USB dongles, groupware and personal reckon machines.Change Successful squads can successfully bring-up alteration. Teams will go less effectual and efficient if they do non react to altering internal and external factors. In contrast, antiphonal squads are more effectual, efficient and, are able to lift to the challenges of the modern concern universe.Networks and practical squads In the modern connected universe, it is easier for squads to pass on and web. It is possible to make practical squads which neer ( or seldom ) meet in physical locations and hold a scope of web tools to pass on and join forces.Global and cross-cultural squadsUndertaking 5Schemes for the eating houses stakeholder s demandsEmployeesMr has to follow HR patterns to guarantee that the administration is able to accomplish success through people.Staffing the administration decent Numberss of the right people in the right topographic point, at the right clip, and at the right cost for the administration.Reward and acknowledgment Creating structures that maximise enlisting, keeping and motive obtaining the best public presentation from the people available. instruction execution betterment throughout the administration, for single, squad and organizational effectivityPull offing behaviour guaranting that persons are encouraged to act in a manner that allows and Fosters better working relationships.CustomersMr Smith and his country directors should supervise the changing demands and outlooks of its clients, and the quality of service they require.Decision and recommendations1. With Mr Smith s program to spread out and develop new eating houses across the UK, there is demand for a formal organizational construction and civilization, which has to be carefully designed to promote the willing engagement of staff for effectual organizational public presentation.2. Mr Smith should follow the rules of direction directors will hold to execute these five maps ( by H Fayol ) program and prognosis organise bid co-ordinate and command.3. The classical attack will accommodate his concern as it plays accent on the planning of work, proficient demands, rule of direction and behavior.4. Alongside he has to follow the democratic leading in which all members of the group can take part and lend to better the quality of the concluding determination.5. Area directors will hold to supply motive for a alteration in behavior by fulfilling the employees demands through wagess.MentionWeb sites1. hypertext dislodge protocol //ezinearticles.com/ ? id=12698122.http //choo.fis.utoront o.ca/FIS/courses/LIS1230/LIS1230sharma/history6.htm ( Maslow s hierarchy of demands )3. hypertext transfer protocol //www.hnc-business.co.uk/unit3.htmlModule Tutor Lecture notes and electronic mailsDhlamini S. , 2009. Administrations and Behaviour ( unit 3 ) H1, HND in Business. London Guildhall College