The Psychological Factors That Influence The Way People Think

Introduction: Discrimination is a huge and delicate topic in the world today, but first, discrimination needs to be explained. There are many psychological factors that influence the way people think. The way individuals think causes the thoughts of discrimination; therefore, an individual’s psychological makeup will determine their view of others. Discrimination is the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex (Social Psychology—Racism). In order to truly understand discrimination, one must know where and how it starts. Discrimination starts at a young age. Children are the future, and everything the see and learn in their upbringing influences them forever. The ways of discrimination that they learn can transfer into many condescending and secretive ways or can transpire into a bold topic. Discriminating against an individual or a specific group of individuals can truly cause those individuals to have psychological problems, which is why this issue is so wide spread and is considered a worldwide issue. If the human race finds a way to get rid of discrimination all together the world would be a better place. Judgments should be made based on known facts rather than on false information. It is for this reason that has led to intriguing question of why individuals think in a discriminatory manner, and act the way they do, and how humans as a race can fix the problem. There are many outsidesShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Teenagers and Anorexia Essay1078 Words   |  5 Pagesmost self-conscious group of people so it is not surprising that eating disorders are most likely to develop when a girl or boy becomes a teenager. Anorexia is the most common eating disorder in American teenage girls along with the most deadly of all psychological illnesses. Anorexia is an emotional disorder when one has an obsessive desire to lose weight by refusing to eat. Girls set an unrealistic standard in their mind of what they think a â€Å"perfect† body is. The people they live with, peers in schoolRead MoreMajor Depression And Its Effects On Social Involvement1565 Words   |  7 Pagesbiology, social factors help derive stress that lead to depressive moods because of situations that people face which then supports the other etiologies. Through this essay I will discuss the social stress that causes depression through social involvement, relationships with close individuals, and stress from work. Secondly, how parental teaching affects the child’s thought process and in the way the child learns to deal with situations. Thirdly, past traumatic events that influences self-esteem, thoughtRead MoreAlcohol And Drug Addiction Among People Of Different Ages861 Words   |  4 PagesAlcohol and drug addiction are two important topics in today’s society. Alcohol and drug addiction affects people of different ages with different backgrounds and ethnicities. There are many researches and studies regarding underlying reasons and roots of these issues. Just as many other addictions, these addictions have psychological, biological, and sociological roots to it. This paper will discuss research findings regarding the main points, roots and underlying reasons of alcohol and drug addictionRead MoreThe Vs. Recency Effect, Conformity, And Various Techniques Essay1598 Words   |  7 Pagesactions of the American people. These psychological concepts played a crucial role in many ways such as molding the voters’ minds which determined their actions and behaviours and playing on the psychology of the candidate’s opponents to gain the upper hand. The concepts I will discuss are the primacy vs recency effect, conformity, and various techniques in persuasion. Finally I will talk about how these techniques could be resisted and a more global use of these factors. The news article I haveRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol On Social Influences Within Health And Well Being1317 Words   |  6 Pagesdrinking habits of young people, results show that UK teenagers are characterized by high levels of intoxication and binge drinking. (Binge drinking is defined by the NHS and NOS as drinking than double the lower risk guidelines for alcohol in one session), when put beside their European equivalents (Hibell et al, 2001). This assignment will explore how alcohol use is influenced by psychological and social influences within health and well-being. Psychological Influences: To aid to the understandingRead MoreWhy Do Teens Suffer From Eating Disorders1596 Words   |  7 Pagesproblematic issue tend to affect many young teens just as the people that surround them, those who care for them. People might stop to think why teens struggle so much with eating disorders or how can this issue be wiped out. The thing is people need to be well aware of eating disorders and there definition and try to find a way to help decrease the amount of teens that suffer by having them. Here are a six articles that might help people have a better understanding in regards to teens and eating disordersRead MoreThe Power Of Context : Bernie Goetz And The Rise And Fall Of New York City Crime Essay1581 Words   |  7 PagesEnvironment and a person’s own mindset are both huge factors towards how a person behave and act. In the essay â€Å"The Power of Context: Bernie Goetz and the Rise and Fall of New York City Crime,† Malcolm Gladwell uses unique examples such as t he Goetz subway showdown to show how the environment can influence a human’s behavior. However, in the essay â€Å"When I Woke Up Tuesday Morning, It Was Friday,† Martha Stout talks about how it’s the psychological factors that change a person’s behavior. These two authorsRead MoreThe Psychological Influences On Health And Wellbeing Of Exercise1521 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Throughout this essay, I will be discussing the psychological influences and the social factors related to health and wellbeing of exercise. The Health Belief Model of behaviour has rival influences that are balanced and decided upon the individual themselves (Ajzen 1985, 1991 ; Ajzen and Madden 1986). Therefore an individual’s perception about their weight and the stress that comes with it shows that they are unhealthy and this can prevent them to be motivated and exercise daily. ThereRead MoreCriminal Profiling And The Criminal Justice System1117 Words   |  5 Pagesthere are specific psychological traits that can disconnect a person from the rest of society. Criminal profiling is the approach that an individual who commits a crime, may leave some sort of psychological evidence that can be crucial to an investigation. This theory is a vital part of the criminal justice system today. Criminology targets why individuals commit crimes and why they behave in certain situations. By understanding why a person commits a crime, you can develop ways to control crime orRead More Eating Disorders Essay1010 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Eating disorders are psychological problems marked by an obsession with food and weight. There are four general categories of eating disorders these are; Anorexia nervosa, Binge eating and Bulimia nervosa. However this disorder affects individuals of various age groups; it has become more popular among teenagers these days. For the purpose of this research plan the writer will focus on age group of ages 15 to 19 because teenagers most vulnerable to eating disorders fall into this

Essay on Queen Elizabeth’s Treatment of Catholics

Queen Elizabeth’s Treatment of Catholics The reformation of England had been a long drawn out affair dating back to King Henry VIII’s Act of Supremacy in 1534. By the accession of Elizabeth in 1558, many historians believe that she inherited a country, which was still predominantly Catholic in belief. Although people of South Eastern England were likely to be influenced by the peoples of Europe, who were experiencing reforms, Doran (1994) suggests that the number of Protestants accounted for just 14 per cent of the population of Sussex and less than 10 per cent in Kent. Whether rural lifestyles were largely unaffected by changing religious doctrine due to a primitive communications network or general disinterest, as long as the laity†¦show more content†¦In comparison to Queen Mary’s ruthless policy over Protestant subjects, Elizabeth adopted a cautious if not liberal policy towards Catholicism. The general consensus of many historians is that Elizabeth did not really care about what her subjects beli eved as long as they kept their religious views to themselves. Doran (1994 et al) bring to light instances when Protestants, exiled under the previous reign, were invited to preach on public occasions, while Catholic preachers were simply harassed or arrested. Nevertheless Catholics received far lighter punishments for their beliefs. Following the 1559 Act of Uniformity, Catholics were expected to conform outwardly. The imposition of one-shilling fines on those who did not attend Church of England services on Sundays and various other days were set out to achieve this. Similarly there were penalties imposed on clerics who did not follow the specified rites of the Book of Common Prayer or chose to publicly attack them. Their first offence would result in imprisonment for six months and loss of a year’s income. Successive offences would carry a year’s imprisonment, then life imprisonment if caught a third time. The Act of Supremacy was passed in the same year, which actively encouragedShow MoreRelatedQueen Elizabeth I : The Golden Age Of The Elizabethan Era1000 Words   |  4 PagesElizabethan Era as one of the times when England was very close to achieving a golden age. While living under Queen Elizabeth did bring about troubles, such as an extreme system of punishment and quarrels with the Catholic s, the Elizabethan Era was a time of peace and prosperity, heavily contrasting life before and after Elizabeth’s reign. In a time when England was almost about to tear itself apart, Queen Elizabeth I came to power and improved the situation. Her influence led to political, cultural, and educationalRead MoreQueen Elizabeth: Golden Age1406 Words   |  6 PagesElizabeth’s Golden Age Elizabeth was Queen of England from 1558-1603. During that time England was a strong country and she was a successful queen. Many people thought Elizabeth would not last long without a powerful husband but they were proved wrong. In fact Elizabeth was very clever in not choosing a husband. She didn’t choose a husband because she didn’t want anybody taking over her throne. There were four men that she could have married but said no to. The first man was Philip of Spain. PhilipRead MoreElizibethan Religious Settlement Essay1952 Words   |  8 PagesEnglish church would now take, including the establishment of the Book of Common Prayer. When Mary died in 1558, Elizabeth succeeded to the throne. One of the most important concerns during Elizabeth’s early reign was the question of which form the state religion would take. Communion with the Roman Catholic Church had been reinstated under Mary using the instrument of Royal Supremacy. Elizabeth relied primarily on her chief advisors, Sir William Cecil, as her Secretary of State, and Sir NicholasRead MoreEssay on Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe2013 Words   |  9 Pagescame to the throne of England during a time of intense religious turmoil and political uncertainty. By the end of her reign, England stood as the first officially Protestant nation in Europe; however, tensions between Protestants and the repressed Catholic minority continued to plague the nation. Much of the literature produced during the time of her reign reflected sensitivities to religion and resulting political intrigues. In his play Doctor Faustus, Christopher Marlowe places the titl e characterRead MoreElizabethan Era11072 Words   |  45 PagesThe Elizabethan Age is the time period associated with the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1558–1603) and is often considered to be a golden age in English history. It was an age considered to be the height of the English Renaissance, and saw the full flowering of English literature and English poetry. In Elizabethan theater, William Shakespeare, among others, composed and staged plays in a variety of settings that broke away from Englands past style of plays. It was an age of expansion and explorationRead MoreEssay about Renaissance Figures2969 Words   |  12 Pagesstrong influence on painting in the Low Countries, and through his sons Jan and Pieter he became the ancestor of a dynasty of painters that survived into the 18th century. Desiderius Erasmus 1466?-1536, was a Dutch Renaissance scholar and Roman Catholic theologian who sought to revive classical texts from antiquity, restore simple Christian faith based on Scripture, and eradicate the improprieties of the medieval Church. His works include The Manual of the Christian Knight (1503) and The PraiseRead MoreThe Tower of London Essay5058 Words   |  21 Pagesimprisonment, death and ghostly apparitions. But this does not do it justice: the history of the Tower and its buildings is a vast, fascinating and complex subject, intertwined with the history of the country of England, its government, its kings and queens, and its people and institutions. The castles first four centuries, during the Middle Ages, saw the development of the layout of buildings that we know today and its peak as a great fortress and use as a royal residence. From the late 15th centuryRead MoreOliver Cromwell4272 Words   |  18 PagesCommonwealth. As a general on the parliamentary side of the English Civil War vs. Charles I, Cromwell helped bring about the overthrow of the Stuart monarchy, and he raised his countrys status to that of a leading European power since the death of Queen Elizabeth I. Being a man with strong character made him one of the most remarkable rulers in modern European history. Although he was a convinced Calvinist he believed deeply in the value of religious toleration. Cromwells victories at home and abroad

Adolf Hitler s Role During The World War I - 1902 Words

Adolph Hitler came to power in 1933. Germany was finally going to be rebuilt after the terrible loss in World War I. The first few years were nice: Germany was being rebuilt, the League of Nations was coming together, and the people were getting everything they wanted. Germany’s situation was looking up, until Hitler began passing laws stripping Jews of their freedoms and honor. Regardless of position, role played during the first World War, or wealth, there was no protection for the Jews after their rights were stripped away. As the situation worsened, many Jewish families tried to leave Germany. Those who could not would eventually begin to be ‘exiled’ or ‘deported’ from German cities. These families were sent to concentration camps where they would be tortured, killed, beaten, or worked to death. These camps, also called ‘work camps,’ would hold thousands of Jews within their walls along with the many gas chambers, crematoriums, and gr avesites. Once there, the prisoners would be stripped of all remaining freedom. Their captors decided every moment of the lives within the fences, even holding the power of life or death. Each camp would later be liberated, knowledge of its nightmares released to the public. Auschwitz, the largest and most well-known of the camps, remains as a memorial today to remind the world of what could have been stopped. In the end, over 12 million people died as a result of Nazi persecution, over 6 million of which were Jewish. It was a terribleShow MoreRelatedAdolf Hitler As A Leader Of Nazi Germany1677 Words   |  7 PagesAdolf Hitler once said â€Å"It is more difficult to fight against faith than against knowledge† (â€Å"30 Eye Catching Hitler Quotes.). In a dictatorship there is one ruler who is in charge of everything in the nation in which he/she rules. Adolf Hitler was born on April 20, 1889 in Braunau am Inn. Hitler also known as Fà ¼hrer; he was chancellor of Germany fro m 1933 to 1945, and served as dictator from 1934 to 1945. Adolf Hitler was the leader of Nazi Germany, he was one of the initial causes which triggeredRead MoreAdolf Hitler : Leading The Genocide1182 Words   |  5 PagesAdriana Flores Mrs.Harrington English 2; Per. 5 23 March 2015 Adolf Hitler: Leading the Genocide The Holocaust was the mass murder of Jews under the German Nazi regime in 1941 to 1945. There are many components of this significant event. One important component was Adolf Hitler, the leader of the Nazi Party and Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945. Hitler contributed to the execution of Jews during WWII through his ideology, his dictatorship, and his leadership of the Nazi Party. To initiateRead MoreNazi Germany : The Most Evil Man Essay1664 Words   |  7 Pagesall of modern history, Adolf Hitler ruled the country of Germany for twelve years. Although he ended up having unlimited power in Nazi Germany, he started his life the way most young men did in the early nineteenth century, a soldier in the Great War. He served his time in the German Military, and when the war ended he returned back to Germany. After the Great War Germany surrendered, and they were forced to sign the Treaty of Versaille. The treated blamed the entire war on Germany, and forced themRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding1271 Words   |  6 Pagesfollowing in his father s footsteps and teaching English and philosophy to unruly boys at Bishop Wordsworth’s School, Golding abandoned his profession to join the Royal Navy and fight in World War II. Golding has said of the war, â€Å"I began to see what people were capable of doing. Anyone who moved through those years witho ut understanding that man produces evil as a bee produces honey, must have been blind or wrong in the head† (â€Å"William Golding†). 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Shortly after the ending of world war I, Woodrow Wilson’s ‘Treaty of Versailles’ stated that Germany would be held accountable for ‘the Great war’, meaning not only was Germany forced to pay reparations for war debt, but, under the treaty, Germany was restricted to many limitations. Wilson’s treatyRead MoreSimilarities Between Adolf Hitler And Benito Mussolini973 Words   |  4 PagesAdolf Hitler Vs Benito Mussolini When speaking of modern totalitarian states Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini are bound to be mentioned. While being significant leader of the nation during time of depression and devastation, in which was caused by the first world war. They both were about to gain power in similar fascist and totalitarian views on how a country should be run. Despite their many similarities, they also were very different through their initial efforts of revolt, social ideas andRead MoreContribution And Impact Of The Ss Of Carrying Out The Holocaust1187 Words   |  5 PagesIn this essay I will be discussing Assess the role, contribution and impact of the SS in carrying out the Holocaust. What was the Holocaust? The Holocaust was a memorable event in 20th century history. It began with discrimination; then the Jews were segregated from their communities and killed; and finally they were treated like property beings and murdered. During the Second World War the Nazis aim was to erase the entire Jewish population of Europe and to destroy its culture and its existanceRead MoreEssay on Causes of the Holocaust980 Words   |  4 Pagesparticular 1933 -1939 as well as Adolf Hitler and his racist views which influenced thousands of Germans. The Main reason for the holocaust happening was that Germany had been anti-Semitic for many centuries, and during those centuries the anti-Semitism had gradually got worse. Therefore because this was becoming a racial war, this was an opportunity for Germany to cleanse itself of Jews like it should have done centuries ago. With Hitler being Anti-Semitic and a strongRead MoreAdolf Hitler : An Experimental View1562 Words   |  7 Pagesperformed by Stanley Milgram (1974).Milgram, S. (1974). Obedience to authority: An experimental view. New York, NY: Harper Row. The dictator I chosen to write my paper is Adolf Hitler. Born in Austria in 1889, Adolf Hitler rose to power in German politics as leader of Nazi Party (the National Socialist German Workers Party). Adolf Hitler was chancellor of Germany from 1933 - 1945, and served as dictator from 1934- 1945. His policies lead to World War II and the Holocaust. The Great Depression in

“Kubla Khan” A Description of Earthly Paradise Essay example

â€Å"Kubla Khan† by Samuel Taylor Coleridge is said to be â€Å"one of the best remembered works of the Romantic period,† (Gray) and though this poem may seem speak deeply about the world, its conception was fairly simple: Coleridge had been reading a book about Kubla Khan in Xanadu (by a man named Samuel Purchas) before falling into a deep sleep induced by an opium mixture to which he had long since had an addiction. When he awoke from this drug induced stupor, he had apparently 200 to 300 lines of poetry in his head, but after writing the first three stanzas, was interrupted (and thus, we observe a shift in the poem at that point) by â€Å"a person from Porlock† (Brett 46-8) and could only remember one final bit of lines – the final stanza in†¦show more content†¦As for when the poem is set, Coleridge is very unclear. Kubla Khan is a figure from the past, seeming to signify that this poem took place then. However, this poem is â€Å"A Vision i n a Dream† – when do dreams take place? Coleridge’s leaving the reader confused here only assists him in setting up the bewilderment that lasts throughout the majority of â€Å"Kubla Khan.† The speaker in â€Å"Kubla Khan† can be said to be one who is either unsatisfied with the world, one who feels like an outsider in the world, much like Coleridge himself did. The speaker seems to be speaking to the world in general, or possibly to other astute minds who are also on the outside of society. One of the dominant techniques present in â€Å"Kubla Khan† is contrasting imagery. Coleridge repeatedly compares the â€Å"bright† area surrounding the dome to the â€Å"lifeless† and â€Å"haunted† area surrounding the river. He continually repeats the phrases â€Å"pleasure-dome† and â€Å"sunny† when discussing the dome, whereas for his illustration of the surrounding river and caverns, â€Å"caves of ice† is most prominent. One idea as to why this was so implemented is the idea that the poem â€Å"contrasts a man-made, earthly paradise, which proves to be unable to resist demonic forces and is doomed to be annihilated, with a â€Å"true† form of paradise;† (Schroeder) that the Earth, no matter how beautiful it might seem, always falls victim to certain destructive forces.Show MoreRelated Kubla Khan by Samuel Taylor Coleridge Essay1147 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Kubla Khan† by Samuel Taylor Coleridge â€Å"Kubla Khan† by Samuel Taylor Coleridge is a poem about the creative powers of the poetic mind. Through the use of vivid imagery Coleridge reproduces a paradise-like vision of the landscape and kingdom created by Kubla Khan. The poem changes to the 1st person narrative and the speaker then attempts to recreate a vision he saw. Through the description of the visions of Kubla Khan’s palace and the speaker’s visions the poem tells of the creation of an enchantingRead MoreKubla Khan -1289 Words   |  6 Pages#8220;Kubla Khan#8221; by Samuel Taylor Coleridge is a poem about the creative powers of the poetic mind. Through the use of vivid imagery Coleridge reproduces a paradise-like vision of the landscape and kingdom created by Kubla Khan. The poem changes to the 1st person narrative and the speaker then attempts to recreate a vision he saw. Through the description of the visions of Kubla Khan#8217;s palace and the speaker#8217;s visions the poem tells of t he creation of an enchanting beautiful

James Baldwin s Connections With Sonny s Blues - 996 Words

James Baldwin’s Connections with Sonny’s Blues On August 2, 1924, in New York’s Harlem neighborhood James Author Baldwin was born. Known as one of the most influential black writers of the twentieth century, James Baldwin wrote on real issues that many people faced in the United States during his time. His writing dealt with the reality of life and tangled with everything from human sexuality, race, and poverty. He was a great reflection of his time and his short story, Sonny’s Blues shows many remarkable connections with his life issues and experiences. The setting of this story is placed in the mid-20th century in Harlem, New York. This is where James Baldwin is originally from. The format of the text allows the reader to see what life was like living in Harlem back then. During this time the United States was deep in the segregation of race. Harlem was a mostly an African American Project. A vast amount of its residents were either poor, homeless, or had drug related problems. At the beginning of the story, the Narrator’s brother Sonny, is arrested for both the use and distribution of heroin. The narrator whom is never named, is a public high school algebra teacher. He cannot help, but wonder what is in store for his students. He states, â€Å"These boys, now were living as we’d been living then, they were growing up with a rush and their heads bumped abruptly against the low ceiling of their actual possibilities.† (dfa) From the beginning of JamesShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of James Baldwin s Sonny s Blues 91 6 Words   |  4 PagesJames Baldwin’s story â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† tells the tale of two African-American brothers trying to survive in 1950s America. Both struggle with darkness in their lives, from drugs to bottling up emotions. The following sources were found Literature Research Center’s website. Each of the four sources will be evaluated for the quality of their information, as well as their usefulness on the topic of darkness in â€Å" â€Å"Sonny’s Blues†. Flibbert, Joseph. Sonny s Blues: Overview. Reference Guide to ShortRead MoreSonnys Blues - Baldwin Personal Reflection1220 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Sonny’s Blues† is an emotional story written by an amazing author, James Baldwin, who has come to be one of my favorite writers. This particular piece talks about the troubles of African American freeing themselves from the mental bondages of their surroundings, the ghetto. The title is significant, and helped me to understand the underlining meaning of the story. The title can be divided into two main reasons, the first, â€Å"Sonny’s Blues, meaning the music he plays. Second is the reference to hisRead MorePoint of View and Symbolism in Sonnys Blues1558 Words   |  7 PagesPoint of View and Symbolism in â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† The story â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† by James Baldwin makes excellent use of multiple literary elements. Namely, I think the writer utilizes symbolism and the nuances of point of view to give the story a deeper connotation that could not be said plainly. The meat of the story is about an unnamed older brother’s relationship and differences with his younger brother, Sonny. Sonny’s aspiration to become a jazz pianist leads him in an opposite direction than hisRead MoreSonny s Blues : A Story Based On A Boy1279 Words   |  6 Pages Sonny’s Blues is a story based on a boy by the name of Sonny, and his brother who is the narrator of the story. In the story Sonny was addicted to heroin, sent to prison, and he and his brother didn’t have much of a relationship. On the other hand, Sonny’s older brother had his life together. He was well educated as he was a mathematics teacher with a family that he had to support. The short story has a lot of connections and relations to some of the biblical stories. One being the prodigal’sRead MoreAnalysis Of James Baldwin s The Blues 2182 Words   |  9 PagesSonny’s Blues, a short story by famed African-American author James Baldwin, is the story of two bothers. Other famous stories of two brothers include both The Prodigal Son parable and the story of Cain and Abel, both from which Baldwin clearly draws inspiration from. Baldwin grew up with many religious teachings, as his adoptive father, David Baldwin, was a preacher. Though the relat ionship between father and son was not enviable, Baldwin still grew up active in his religion (James Baldwin- Biography)Read MoreAnalysis Of Sonny s Blues By John M. Lee2198 Words   |  9 PagesDr. Kim Course: English 132 Sonny’s Blues is one of the famous stories expressing the deplorable conditions the Black community found themselves in during the struggle against racial segregation in the American history. The analysis given by John M. Reilley is to draw the attention of the readers and audience on the image of the black community, basically as expressed by Sonny’s Blues as a metaphor. Following the publication of Sonny’s Blues, James Baldwin realized he had a role in the AfricanRead MoreJames Baldwin s Sonny s Blues2994 Words   |  12 PagesINTRODUCTION Sonny, from James Baldwin’s â€Å"Sonny’s Blues,† is portrayed as a sufferer. He struggles with his stagnation in Harlem, his unfulfilled dreams and the disconnect between himself and his only family, his brother. However, not all hope is lost. He serves as a teacher for others, full of knowledge of how one can truly suffer and still triumph (Norton 47). Only when he is finally able to connect with his brother through music, are his â€Å"blues† finally heard and he affirms his individualityRead MoreAnalysis Of The Story Sonny s Blues 2718 Words   |  11 PagesUnderstanding Sonny’s Blues The story, Sonny’s Blues, is a composition of themes, imagery, form and mood all blended in perfect harmony. Such creation gave the story its beautiful resonating effect and influence amongst the readers. With a rising and roaring apex, the story was an unfolding of human emotions and realities filled with pain, sorrows, happiness, realizations, and life lessons. Although the story was written in 1957, even until the present, people can still observe its lingering powerfulRead MoreMusic For The Soul By James Baldwin957 Words   |  4 Pagesexperiences. Unfortunately for Sonny, as well as for many other African Americans throughout history, even before the 1950’s, oppression had been a great burden to deal with on a day to day basis. In â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† the author James Baldwin provides us with a family whose lives revolve around this constant reminder that they are a minority and therefore, live a completely different life in Harlem, Manhattan New Yor k where the influences and environment mainly keep one in trouble. Sonny was the brave exceptionRead MoreEssay on Literary Analysis of James Baldwin’s Sonny’s Blues2323 Words   |  10 Pageswriting is generally done just to entertain readers. Some authors create stories with a singular point of view, while others introduce more complex plots and storylines. When it comes to author James Baldwin’s short story Sonny’s Blues, there is much depth given to the storyline and the characters. Sonny’s Blues has been analyzed by many different people throughout time because the story has many elements. From Baldwin’s skillful use of metaphors and similes to his incorporation of religious references

Accounting Theory and Current Issues Bio Sustainable Feeds Ltd

Question: Discuss about the Accounting Theory and Current Issues for Bio Sustainable Feeds Ltd. Answer: Introduction The research and development activities have become normal part of operations for many organizations. In the cut through competition, it has become really important for the organizations to continually endeavor to explore new products and services. It is the innovation which gives a competitive edge to the organizations, thus, putting efforts in research and development are worthy (ACCA, 2016). From the accounting view point, the research and development poses challenges in front of the accountants. Certain part of the expenses incurred on the research and development are to be expenses in the profit and loss account while certain is capitalized. In this context, a report on the research and development activities being undertaken by Bio-sustainable Feeds (BSF) Ltd has been presented here. This report is mainly focused on the accounting treatment of the research and development expenditure incurred by Bio-sustainable Feeds (BSF) Ltd. Further, the report also covers a discussion on the valuation of patent and accounting treatment of government grant. Apart from this all, the managements assertion made in the prospectus has also been analyzed in this report. Research of BSF Ltd: The Nature and Value to the Society Bio-sustainable Feeds (BSF) Ltd is an Australian company and engaged in the research on sustainable aqua-culture feeds. The company is currently undertaking a research that is focused on finding out the bacteria based fish feed. The research on bacteria based fish feed has been implemented to overcome the problems of earlier research which was to explore plant based feeds. Further, the plant based feed research was undertaken to overcome the problems of fish based feed. However, the plant based feed research not only failed in resolving the problems of fish based feed, but it also added few more new problems. Due to the use of plant based feed, the fish dying rate increased from 1/20th to 1/3rd resulting in loss to the fish producers. Further, good quality human food was required to produce plant based feed, which caused problems for poor people. The food which could have been used by the poor people was now being used in the production of the fish feed. The environmentalists alleged that diversion of the good quality food, which can be used for human consumption; to the production of fish feed is not justifiable. In the opinion of the environmentalists this research will cause imbalance in the society by promoting the rich to become richer and demoting the poor to become poorer. Therefore, it could be inferred that the impact of the plant based research on the society has been adverse. Problems with the Early Research Done by BSF Ltd The company has been carrying on the research activities to find out the sustainable aqua-culture feeds. The sustainable aqua-culture feed means the feed that meets the required specifications in terms of quality and also fulfills the environmental and social needs. Earlier, the company carried out research to explore fish based feed, which could not sustain due to lower conversion rate. The fish based feed had a conversion rate of 1kg high value fish from the consumption of 10 kg fish based feed. Thus, the problem with the fish based feed was of low conversion rate. In order to resolve this problem, the company switched from exploring the fish based feed to plant based feed. In the pant based feed, the use of high quality human food such as canola, corn, soya-bean, and sunflower was to be made. The main focus of the plant based feed research was to increase the conversion rate so that the production of the fishes could be increased. However, this research also failed in achieving increment in the conversion rate. The conversion rate of plant based feed was 1Kg high value fish from consumption of 30Kg good quality plant based feed. Further, the use of plant based feed also increased the dying rate of the fishes from 1/20th to 1/3rd. Apart from that the plant based feed research also failed to meet the environmental and social needs as claimed by the environmentalists. Research and Development: Nature, Differences, and Accounting Treatment As the competition is getting tough day by day therefore the firms are required to maintain uniqueness in their products and services so that more customers could be attracted. In order to explore the new products and services, the firms need to undertake research and development activities (Harris Trainor, 2009). Thus, the primary aim for undertaking research and development activities is to survive from the competition and maintain a sustainable growth. In the present era, it has been observed that the firms incur huge amount of expenses on the research and development activities. The research and development activities have become integral part of the operations of the firms in the present days (Harris Trainor, 2009). The expense on the research and development is one time while the benefits accrue over the number of years, for example, once the patent is developed for the new product or process, the firm will reap the benefits of this patent over the number of years. Thus, from accounting view point, there arises a need to segregate the expense on the research and development in revenue and capital nature. The revenue nature expense on research is charged to the profit and loss account as and when incurred, whereas, the capital nature expense is recognized in the balance sheet as an intangible asset (Weygandt, Kimmel, Kieso, 2009). In this regard, identification as to what part of expense should be charged to the profit and loss account considering it as the revenues nature and what part should be capitalized is crucial. The Australian Accounting Standard 1011, Accounting for Research and Development Cost contains provisions that guide in identifying the revenue and capital nature of the expenses incurred on the research (AASB 1011, 1987). As per the provisions of this AASB, the entire research operations are divided in two phase such as research phase and development phase. Preliminary activities are performed in the research phase, while, substantial activities needed to get the intangible developed are carried out in the development phase. The research phase activities are too basic and preliminary that on completion of the research phase, the outcome of the research could not be predicted with precision (AASB 1011, 1987). The development activities are taken up after completion of the research phase to work on the initial findings (AASB 1011, 1987). The accounting standard states that the activities of the development are significant. As the development phase progresses, the outcome of the research becomes easier to predict with precision. As soon as the development phase activities are completed to the extent that the outcome of the research could be measured reliably, the expense becomes eligible for capitalization in the books. Thus, in order to capitalize the expense of the development phase, the outcome of the research should be visible and clearly predictable (AASB 1011, 1987). Thus, overall it could be inferred that the expenses incurred on the research when the activities are in research phase, should be charged to the profit and loss account in the year in which these are incurred. Further, when the outcome of the research is clear and it is probable that the firms will receive the benefits of the research over the number of years, the expense incurred should be capitalized by recognizing intangible asset in the books. The capitalized expense is then amortized to the profit and loss account proportionate to the accrual of benefits on yearly basis (AASB 1011, 1987). Fair Market Value of Patent The patent is recognized as an intangible asset in the books of accounts of the organization. As per the accounting standard, the patent purchased from other person is recognized at the amount paid to the seller. Thus, the valuation and measurement of the purchased patent is simple. However, the patent generated internally poses problems in front of the management in valuation and measurement. The costs accumulated under the development phase qualifies for capitalization, therefore, initially, the patent is valued and recognized in the books of accounts at the development cost (AASB 138, 2015). However, the revaluation model prescribed in the accounting standard 138 permits revaluation of the intangible asset in the later accounting periods. As per this model, the entities may revalue the intangible assets at the fair market value (AASB 138, 2015). However, there should be in existence an active market so as to enable reliable measurement of the fair value of the intangible asset. The measurement of the fair value of the intangible asset is a subjective matter. The fair value of an asset implies the amount that can be received by the buyer on selling the asset to the seller in an open market. Alternatively, the fair value could also be ascertained by discounting the future cash benefits that will accrue to the entity from the use of intangible asset (AASB 138, 2015). As per the principles of accounting and finance, the fair of the patent can be determined by discounting the expected cash benefits accruing to the entity. Applying this method to the current case of Bio-sustainable Feeds (BSF) Ltd, the fair value of patent has been determined as under: Case-1: When Sold in 2 Years Year Cash Flows ($M) PVF@8% Present Value ($M) 1 200.00 0.93 185.19 2 700.00 0.86 600.14 Total 785.32 Case-2: When Used for 10 Years Year Cash Flows ($M) PVF@8% Present Value ($M) 1 200.00 0.93 185.19 2 200.00 0.86 171.47 3 200.00 0.79 158.77 4 200.00 0.74 147.01 5 200.00 0.68 136.12 6 200.00 0.63 126.03 7 200.00 0.58 116.70 8 200.00 0.54 108.05 9 200.00 0.50 100.05 10 200.00 0.46 92.64 Total 1,342.02 There are two cases, in the first case, the company is expected to the sell the patent in second year, while, in the second case, the company intends to use the patent for 10 years. In the first case, the fair value of the patent is worked out to be $785.32 million, while, in the second case, the fair value of the patent is worked out to be $1,342.02 million. The fair value that is to be used for recognition of the patent in the financial statements of Bio-sustainable Feeds (BSF) Ltd will depend on the dominant intention of the company. If the company intends to use the patent, the fair value will be used as arrived in the second case, on the other hand, if the company intends to sell it in two years, the fair value as arrived in the first case will be used. Journal Entries for RD Transactions and Explanation for Treatment of Grant Journal Entries for the RD Transactions From 2013 to 2016 Year Description Debit (AUD$ M) Credit (AUD$ M) 2013 Research and Development Expense 360.00 Cash 360.00 (Research expense on plant based fish feed paid) Profit and Loss Account 360.00 Research and Development Expense 360.00 (Research expense on plant based fish feed charged to profit and loss account) Cash 500.00 Government Grant 500.00 (Grant received from CSIRO) Government Grant 340.00 Profit and Loss Account 340.00 (Grant credited to profit and loss account to the extent of expenditure on research) 2014 Nil 2015 Nil 2016 Research and Development Expense 160.00 Cash 160.00 (Research expense on bacteria based fish feed paid) Profit and Loss Account 160.00 Research and Development Expense 160.00 (Research expense on bacteria based fish feed charged to profit and loss account) Government Grant 160.00 Profit and Loss Account 160.00 (Grant credited to profit and loss account to the extent of expenditure on research) In relation to the research, BSF Ltd has received a grant of $500 million from CSIRO which is a government agency. Accounting standard 120 prescribes the accounting treatment of the government grant in the books of the receiver (AASB 120, 2009). According to the provisions contained in this standard, the government grant if received for the intangible assets that has been developed can be deducted from the carrying amount of the respective asset. However, if the government grant has been received but the intangible asset has not been developed yet, the entity may chose to credit to the profit and loss account to the extent the expense on research has been was debited to the profit and loss account (AASB 120, 2009). In the current case of Bio-sustainable Feeds (BSF) Ltd, it can be observed that the company received grant in the year 2013. The expense on the research and development activities incurred by the company in the year 2013 amounted to $360 million. However, the company utilized $340 million from the grant receipts; therefore, $340 million has been credited to the profit and loss account in the year 2013. In the year 2014 and 2015, the company did not incur any expense on the research and development operations. In the year 2016, the company undertook a new research called bacteria based feed research and incurred a sum of $160 million on the research and development activities in relation to this research. The amount remained in the grant account also stands at $160 million in the year 2016. Therefore, the whole remaining amount in the grant account has been credited to the profit and loss account in the year 2016. Evaluation of the Managements Assertion Made in the Prospectus in Regard to Patent The prospectus of Bio-sustainable Feeds (BSF) Ltd contains a statement that company holds exclusive control over the bacteria based feeds technology. In this regard, it is the responsibility of the accountant to determine the fairness of this statement made in the prospectus before affixing his signatures (Gaeremynck Vermoesen, 2009). The prospectus is a highly sensitive document as the public at large makes investment in the company based on the evaluation of the prospectus. Thus, the accountant should satisfy himself to the fullest that the assertions or statements made in the prospectus are genuine and true (Gaeremynck Vermoesen, 2009). BSF Ltd is currently undertaking a research to explore the bacteria based feed. It is projected that this research will require a sum of $360 million in all to explore the technology that will be used for producing the bacteria based feed. The research is in initial years, which is evident from the fact that the company is yet to undertake the development phase activities on this research. The company has incurred a sum of $160 million on this research till now and it is expected that another $200 million will be required to be sent in the upcoming years. Thus, it could be observed that the substantial part of the research is yet to complete in respect of bacteria based research being undertaken by BSF Ltd. As per the provisions of AASB 138, the entity can not recognize intangible asset in the books unless it is ensured that the future economic benefits will flow to it from the use of such asset (AASB 138, 2015). Further, it is provided that the completion of the substantial part of the development phase activities is considered as an indication that the entity will receive the economic benefits from the intangible asset being developed. Thus, unless the substantial part of the development phase activities is complete, the entity can not recognize intangible asset in the books (AASB 138, 2015). In the case of BSF Ltd, the company has completed only the research phase activities in relation to the bacteria based research, while, the development phase is still to be initiated. Therefore, the company can not recognize patent in the books of accounts. The whole expenditure of $160 million is to be charged to the profit and loss account in the current year. Thus, the assertion made in the prospectus by the management of BSF Ltd is not tenable. References AASB 1011. 1987. Accounting for Research and Development Costs. Retrieved September 17, 2016, from https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content102/c3/AASB1011_5-87.pdf AASB 120. (2009). Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance. Retrieved September 17, 2016, from https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB120_07-04_COMPjul08_01-09.pdf AASB 138. (2015). Intangible assets. Retrieved September 27, 2016, from https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB138_08-15_COMPoct15_01-18.pdf ACCA. (2016). Research and Development. Retrieved September 27, 2016, from https://www.accaglobal.com/in/en/student/exam-support-resources/fundamentals-exams-study-resources/f7/technical-articles/rd.html Gaeremynck, A. Vermoesen, R. (2009). Guidelines to the Auditor in Prospectus and Other Related Engagements. Maklu. Harris, R. Trainor, M. (2009). Why Do Some Firms Undertake RD Whereas Others Do Not? Retrieved September 16, 2016, from https://www.spatialeconomics.ac.uk/textonly/serc/publications/download/sercdp0020.pdf Weygandt, J.J., Kimmel, P.D., and Kieso, D.E. (2009). Financial Accounting. John Wiley Sons.

Focus of Medicine and Health Care Tended

Question: Consider how the components of a healing hospital might influence your philosophy of caregiving? 1) describe the components of a healing hospital and their relationship to spirituality.? 2) What are the challenges of creating a healing environment in the light of the barriers and complexities of the hospital environment? 3) Include bibical aspects that support the concept of a healing hospital? Answer: 1. Healing Hospital and its Paradigm Introduction: In the past centuries the focus of medicine and health care tended to change to a more caring and service based theory to a more cure-oriented model and advanced technological model. The advanced technology has resulted in the development of new medicines which had an increase in the ability to prolong the life span of every individual. However, most of the physicians have attempted to balance their ways of care in a more spiritual way and recognize the modern times spirituality which is linked with health care. This compassionate and spiritual care involves serving an individual in terms of the social, spiritual, emotional and physical manners. Serving the patients in a spiritual way usually involves gestures like holding their hands, talking about things that are important to them and also spending time with them. This has a very big impact on the patients as they value these experiences with their physicians. Many of the researches and studies showed that the people who exercise r egular spiritual practices usually live longer. A healing environment in a health care organization helps to reduce stress and promote healing to the patients. It is also said that the way the hospitals have been designed according to their choice of very bland color schemes, small and cramped patient rooms, huge halls that echo contribute to the increase in stress of the patients. This not only hinders the ability of a patient to heal but also can affect the staffs productivity. Also because of the poor structure and designing of the hospital the staff and the nurses spend a lot of time in collecting the care products and spend time walking from one end to another. If these facilities were designed more effectively the staff will be able to save time and spend it more with the patients. 2. Challenges of creating a healing environment in a hospital: The physical environment of a hospital and its healthcare design is guided mainly guided by the researches to benefit the patients and the staff of the hospital. Many studies proved that how a good hospital design can make a positive impact on the clinical outcomes. There are many of factors that were considered like the use of eco-friendly furniture, the noise levels, type of lighting and good ventilation. Studies also proved that these improved hospital designs resulted in reduced patient stress and outcomes, increased the safety of the patients, reduced the stress and fatigue of the staff and also improved the overall quality of the healthcare. In many of the critical environments like the operation theatres and Intensive care units to create a healing environment it takes a lot of specialized methods and techniques so that they can meet the requirements of the patients and overcome all the barriers and obstacles. These facilities which are to be given to the sick patients could b e obstructed by factors like low technology, financial problems and inadequate infrastructure of the hospital. Hence it is useful sometimes to provide financial as well as technological support to the expertise in order to meet the necessary requirements. The environments of the hospital should also be a calm and quiet place but certain times the noise pollution surrounding it can very difficult to control as few hospitals are being constructed in the town areas where they experience noises produced by a lot of crowd of people, automobiles and chaos. It can also be seen that many different patients face a lot of difficult challenges of the society who are suffering from different serious ailments and diseases and this results in the need for an appeal by different individuals in various manners and thus complicates to create a healing environment. Therefore its very difficult to make a balance between the demands of certain cultures and the advancements of science faces many challen ges in creating a healing environment. It also requires the ability to differentiate between the comforts and habits needed by the patients from the several options that are available to them. Hence to provide all these standard requirements by the hospitals can also lead to complicate the creation of a healing environment. The hospital is a very safe and secured place for the patients as well as for the working staffs therefore to ensure this safety is a very difficult task and a big challenge to the hospital. To create a healing environment to meet the needs of the majority of the patients can also be very challenging in the areas of their completion and sustainability. It is also seen that many individuals who want to help in creating a healing environment are faced by many challenges like the critics and other opposite views of people who tend to get jealous of their growing projects and want to hinder their growth. 3. A Biblical perspective on healing: There are many Biblical themes that are related to the creation of a healing environment and health issues. For example it can be seen that in the bible the Law of Moses refers to many different management and diagnosis for all the infectious diseases. The people were the ones assigned as priests to diagnose the diseases and confirm healing to the patients. There were also many such laws which were related to the public health and hygiene issues which were very adverse in those times. In a verse in the Bible states that God told Moses that if we listen carefully to the voice of God to do what is right in his eyes and also pay attention to his commands then we would not face the trouble of any of the diseases as the Lord is the One who heals all. However this is believed to be partly because of the fact that by obeying these laws it helps the people to be healthy and also that God brings blessing to the patient who needs healing whereas disobedience brings only curses that includes al l the diseases that comes to the person. References Brady MJ, Peterman AH, Fitchett G, Mo M, Cella D A case for including spirituality in quality of life measurement in oncology Psychooncology.1999 Hendrich A, Fay J, Sorrells A. Effects of acuity-adaptable rooms on flow of patients and delivery of care. Am J Crit Care 2004 Kaldjian LC, Jekel JF, Friedland G. End-of-life decisions in HIV-positive patients: the role of spiritual beliefs.AIDS.1998 Marberry S. Improving Healthcare with Better Building Design Chicago, IL: Health Management Press; 2006. Parsons R, Hartig T. Environmental Psycholphysiology. In Handbook of Psychophysiology, 2nd ed. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2000 Samueli Institute Optimal Healing Environments Available at: www.siib.org/research/research-home/optimal-healing.html Accessed February 21, 2008.